Reproduction: Test 1: Fisch Part 1

Question 1

Q1:

What component forms the uterus, fallopian tube, cervix, and the distal one third of the vagina from the?

Answer 1

• Mullarian duct (paramesonephric duct)
• The paramesonephric ducts merge together

Male: appendix testis

Question 2

Q2:

Homologues:
Other 2/3rd of the vagina, vulva, urethra?

Answer 2

Urogenital sinus

Question 3

Q2:

Ovaries and testes?

Answer 3

Gonads

Question 4

Q2:

The female clitoris is equivalent to what male structure?

Answer 4

Penis

genital tubercle

Question 5

Q2:

The female labia majora is equivalent to what male structure?

Answer 5

Scrotum

urethral swellings

Question 6

Q2:

The female labia minora is equivalent to what male structure?

Answer 6

Spongy urethra

Urethral fold

Question 7

Q2:

The female skeens glands is equivalent to what male structure?

Answer 7

Prostate
(urogenital sinus)

• Batholin’s glands = Cowper’s glands
• Bladder = Bladder
• Urethra, L vagina = urethra

Question 8

Q2:

The female rete ovarii is equivalent to what male structure?

Answer 8

Rete testis

Wolffian Duct: (male: SEVen up) –> Seminal vesicles, epididymus, vas defeens

Question 9

Q3:

What is the gene on the Y chromosome that determines sex.
Is it located on the short or long arm of the Y chromosome.

Answer 9

• SRY gene

- Shorter arm.

Question 10

Q2:

In the development of external genitalia of female – The genital tubercle becomes the?

Answer 10

Clitoris

– does not lengthen, in male –> phallus (penis)

Question 11

Q2: The genital folds become?

Answer 11

The spongy urethra = male
Labia minora = female
(remain unfused)

Question 12

Q2: The genital swellings become?

Answer 12

Scrotum = male

labia majora = female

Question 13

Q4:

Know in general for the migration of the germ cell. Where do they start, creep up and end?

Answer 13

Start: Mesenchymal or stem cells (future sperm or eggs) that develop in the wall of the yolk sac.
-yolk sac and migrate along the hindgut
End: in the gonadal (genital) ridge (soon to be ovary)

• (germ cells have to be inserted into the sex cords)–Primordial germ cells migrate until they reach the gonadal ridges and penetrate into the primitive gonad by the sixth week

Question 14

Q5:

Some of the primordial germ cells are surrounded by what kind of cells?

Answer 14

cells of the primitive sex cord

Question 15

Q5:

Sex cord cells become what kind of cells (once we have the formation of the ovaries)?
-At what month?

Answer 15

follicular cells at month 4.

Question 16

Q6:

What happens to the mesionephric duct in the female:

Answer 16

It degenerates, leaving the female with the paramesonephric duct which open cranially into the abdominal cavity with a funnel-like structure which will become the fallopian tube fimbria.
- Caudially, it first runs lateral to the mesonephric duct and comes in close contact with the opposite duct, separated by a septum, but later (2 mo) fused together to form the uterine canal, which will become the uterus, cervix and vagina.

Question 17

Q7:

Name an outflow tract abnormality we’ve discussed in class:

Answer 17

Imperforate hyamin

Question 18

Q7:

What occurs in 5% of the general population?
….. with imperforate Hymen being the most common ____________ ________ _________?

Answer 18

• Female genital malformation

- most common GENITAL OUTFLOW TRACT defect.

Question 19

Q7:

What is the most common and most distal form of vaginal outflow obstruction?
— IT occurs in what percent of infant girls?

Answer 19

Imperforate Hyamin

- 0.1%

Question 20

Q7:

Imperforate Hyamin: How does it form or not form with the camelization that occurs?

Answer 20

• Normally, the central portion of the hymenal membrane is usually absent, creating the typical configuration of a ring-like structure at the level of the vaginal vestibule (annular)
• Although a congenital anomaly that may be detected at birth or early in life, it may also remain undetected until puberty in some patients.

Question 21

Q8:

What structure gives you the more distal or outer most two thirds of the vagina on the posterior aspect?

Answer 21

– urogenital sinus

(the lower part of the vagina is formed from the posterior wall of the urogenital sinus, while the anterior portion forms the urinary bladder and urethra.

Question 22

Q9:

What’s the difference between the imperforate hyman in the new born vs adolescent. Clinically wise.
NEW BORN:

Answer 22

Neonate: MUCOCOLPOS appearing as a bulging hymenal membrane between the labia. The membrane may be white because of the trapped mucoid material and may lead to urinary tract infections or bladder obstruction due to urethral compression
(
– increased mucus secretions in vagina secondary to maternal estrogen effects may result in musosolpos )

Question 23

Q9:

What’s the difference between the imperforate hyman in the new born vs adolescent. Clinically wise.
ADOLESCENT:

Answer 23

ADOLESCENT: HEMATOCOLPOS The presence of absence of secondary sexual characteristics should be noted.

• bluish hymenal membrane due to the menstrual blood (hematocolpos)
• Other symptoms include lower abdominal or pelvic pain that may be cyclic, back pain, urinary retention and constipation.

Question 24

Q10:

What is DES. What does it stand for?

Answer 24

DIETHLSTILBESTEROL = “Morning after pill”

• • A synthetic estrogen used in the 40s- 50s to prevent abortion in high-risk pregnancies.
• 70s: morning after pill.

( Arrests upgrowth of squamous epithelium from the urogenital sinus to replace glandular (mullerian) epithelium lining the vagina and exocervix.

Question 25

Q10:

What are two conditions that can result from the mother taking DES during pregnancy that occurs in the female offspring?

Answer 25

• Vaginal adinosis
• Clear cell adenocarcinoma

** Look at chart in Parker review for characteristics

Question 26

Q11:

What is vaginal adinosis:
What is it histologically. What is the tissue type and what happens to that tissue type.

Answer 26

• • Failure of the normal glandular epithelium to be replaced by the squamous epithelium during the fetal development.

((i) At the 10th week of gestation, the upgrowth of squamous epithelium derived from the urogenital sinus replaces the glandular (mullerian) epithelium lining the vagina and exocervix.

ii) DES exposure anywhere from the 10th to about the 18th week of gestation, arrests this transformation process and glandular tissue remains within the vagina (adenosis)
iii) Manifests grossly as red, granular patches on the vaginal mucosa which usually disappear as the woman gets older.)