Fischer Reproduction Test 3: Part 4

Question 1

Q45: What virus family gives the characteristic either basophilic or acidophilic intranuclear inclusion body?

Answer 1

The Herpesvirus (HSV-1&2, CMV, and V-Z)

Question 2

Q46) What are the various diseases caused by candida?

Answer 2

Skin infections, paronychia (nailbed infections, diaper rash, vulvovaginitis, thrush, and esophagitis

Question 3

47) Which testicular tumor is the same as the ovarian dysgerminoma?

Answer 3

Seminoma

Question 4

48) Which testicular tumor is the same as the ovarian endodermal sinus tumor (female)?

Answer 4

Yolk sac tumor

Question 5

49) Which testicular tumor produce alpha feto protein vs. beta hCG?

Answer 5

AFP= Yolk sac tumor; beta hCG=choriocarcinoma

Question 6

50) What are the features of a testicular teratoma?

Answer 6

1) Mature Teratoma=A solid and multicystic lesion that enlarges the testis. The cut surface exhibits mucinous cysts, with solid cartilaginous and osseous foci. Histologically, there is a haphazard arrangement of cells and organoid structures such as neural, skeletal bone, cartilage, thyroid, respiratory epithelium, squamous epithelium, GI tract epithelium and other tissues within a fibrous or myxoid matrix. 2) Immature and Malignant= Much more common in adults and demonstrates the same arrangement as a mature teratoma, but the tissues are less differentiated, and more primitive . The malignant teratoma has clearly malignant squamous carcinoma or malignant sarcomatous components, clearly defining a true malignancy.

Question 7

51) Which testicular tumor produce androgen vs estrogen?

Answer 7

Leydig cell tumors (interstitial cell tumors) can produce androgens, estrogens, or both.

Question 8

52) What is a krukengberg tumor?

Answer 8

GI tract tumor that metastasizes to the stomach, most often being stomach carcinomas.

Question 9

53) What is the histology of a urinary bladder cancer?

Answer 9

Transitional Cell (urothelial) carcinoma

Question 10

54) Whats the name of the parasite that causes bladder cancer (only one cancer that causes is a squamous cell cancer)?

Answer 10

Schistosoma haematobium in Egypt

Question 11

55) What are AZO dye and what kind of cancer with AZO dye would cause an increase risk in?

Answer 11

an industrial carcinogen used in the rubber industry and textile printing. Linked to bladder cancer

Question 12

56) What are the features of a PSA vs a bone alkaline phosphate and which one’s produce by the prostate?

Answer 12

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is released by tumors into the circulation and it may be detected immunochemically in the blood and tissue. Detectable levels after prostatectomy suggest persistent local or metastatic disease. Bone Alkaline Phosphatase is another blood enzyme but it is NOT produced by prostatic cells but is abundant in osteoblasts. When the prostatic cancer cells go into the bone and evoke osteoblastic rx, the proliferation of osteoblasts results in an increase in the Alkaline Phosphatase in blood.

Question 13

57) Differentiate the location of BPH and adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

Answer 13

BPH=periurethral

Adenocarcinoma=posterior lobe, peripherally located

Question 14

58) What is the most feared long standing complication of BPH (reflects to the kidney)?

Answer 14

Long standing obstruction of the bladder neck is typically associate with trabeculations and infections of the bladder. Infections may spread to upper urinary tract and into kidneys. May lead to end-stage renal disease.

Question 15

59) What is the underlying ideology of BPH and prostate cancer (would be hormonal or testosterone)?

Answer 15

BPH= hormonal mechanism so testosterone may play a crucial role. Cancer=hormonal theories but poorly understood.

Question 16

60) What is a TURP?

Answer 16

Transurethral Resection of the Prostate.

Question 17

61) Regarding demographic, which groups have the highest amount in the united states w/ BPH and prostate cancer?

Answer 17

Cancer is most often seen in blacks (twice as high) and frequent in US and Scandanavian, lowest is Mexico, Japan, and Greece. BPH is most often in blacks in the US and Western Europe, lowest in Orient.

Question 18

62) What are the features of the normal prostate (histology)?

Answer 18

30-50 individual compound tubuloalveolar glands lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium and the lumen house oval prostatic concretions (corpora amylacea) composed of calcified glycoproteins

Question 19

63) What is a Gleason score and what does it mean?

Answer 19

Gleasons Score – a classification of prostate cancers based on five histologic patterns of tumor gland formation and infiltration

i. Due to high # of mixed patterns, the score is a sum of the grades, numbered 1 to 5
1. 1 being the best or well differentiated
2. 5 being the poorest or differentiated
ii. Sum of these numbers mean that the best differentiated will have a total Gleason score of 2 (1+1) and the most poorly differentiated will have a total score of 10 (5+5)
iii. Most prostate cancers have a sum score between 4 and 7
1. (2+2) to (4+3) or (3+4)

Question 20

64) Regarding to chronic or acute prostatitis, which organisms would cause granulomas would be seen in the prostate?

Answer 20

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and histoplasma capsulatum.