Reproduction Test 2: Fisch part 1

Question 1

Q1. Know normal histology of the entire reproductive tract of the female.

What type of epithelium makes up the vulva, cervix, and vagina?

Answer 1

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 2

Q1:

What would the cancer be called if it was regarding to the vulva, cervix, and vagina?
- Is it slow growing or fast growing?

Answer 2

Squamous cell carcinoma

- Slow growing

Question 3

Q1:

Within the vaginal mucosa, how do the stratified squamous epithelium and connective tissue lie?

• What kind of folds?
• name of folds?

Answer 3

lies in a series of TRANSVERSE FOLDS

- called the RUGAE.

Question 4

21:

The urogenital sinus gives rise to what male and female structure?

Answer 4

Male: prostate gland
Female: skeens glands

Question 5

Q2:

The urogenital swellings give rise to what male and female structure?

Answer 5

Male: scrotum
Female: labia majora

Question 6

Q2:

The greater vestibular (bartholin glands) is homologous to?

Answer 6

Cowper’s glands (male)

Question 7

Q3:

What type of cancer is found in the vulva

Answer 7

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

usually slow growing

Question 8

Q3:

Who’s more likely to get cancer in the vulva?

Answer 8

Older woman (3% GYN cancers)

Question 9

Q3:

What does cancer of the vulva look like grossly?

Answer 9

Wart-like or slightly raised mucosal lesions or ulcers.

( recognize by gross inspection of external genitalia

Question 10

Q4:

What is carcinoma insitu (CIS)?

Answer 10

any cancer of the vulva, when we talk about before the cancer is invasive.

CIS: Cancer that did not reached the basement membrane, therefore it is not considered invasive.

Question 11

Q4:

What does VIN stand for and define meaning?

Answer 11

Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Invasive cancer of the vulva preceded by carcinoma in-situ (CIS)

Question 12

Q5:

What is the most frequent cause of death related to stage IV cervical cancer? (There are three)

Answer 12

1) SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
2) Severed dysplasia (CIN-cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) may progress to carcinoma that is limited to B.M, called CIS
3) RENAL FAILURE

Question 13

Q5:

What is the type of cancer that’s related to maternal exposure to DES?

Answer 13

Clear cell adenocarcinoma

Question 14

Q6:

Who is more likely to get glycan sclerosis of the vulva?

Answer 14

older woman around 60. It’s an age related change. Nothing to do with malignancy, not thing to do with infection

Question 15

Q6:

What is the characteristics of glycan sclerosis of the vulva?
– Is it slow growing or fast?

Answer 15

Characterized by thickening of the outside epidermis, (known as HYPERKARYTOSIS) and along the hyperkaryotosis, you get flattening of entire epidermis.

-Can be slow growing.

Question 16

Q7:

which places are the common sites for endometriosis to occur?

Answer 16

Pelvic peritoneum, ovary and fallopian tube.

Question 17

Q7:

What is endometriosis

Answer 17

Endometrial tissue that forms tumor-like nodules outside of the uterus.

Question 18

Q7:

What is a chocolate cysts?

Answer 18

Large cystic lesions measuring 1-5 cm (in diameter) present in ovarian endometriosis.
- The endometriotic cysts are filled with brown-red viscous fluid derived from decomposed blood.

Question 19

Q7:

What is the most popular theory regarding endometriosis and explain it.

Answer 19

• Regurgitation theory:
  the endometrial tissue is regurgitated during normal menstruation and instead of entering the vagina, it is transferred upstream where it enters the abdominal cavity through the fallopian tubes. The glands implant on the serosa of the ovary or the peritoneum, forming typical red-brown nodules or plaques.

Question 20

Q8:

What is the most common uterine tumor?

Answer 20

uterine fibroids

( Grossly, they are sharply circumscribed unencapsulated white-tan whorled masses on cut section.

Question 21

Q8:

What is another name for uterine fibroids?

Answer 21

Leiomyomas

Question 22

Q8:

What are the three types of uterine fibroids and what are they based on?

Answer 22

Based on location:

1) Intramural
2) Subserosal
3) Submucosal

Question 23

Q8:

Location of the intramural uterine fibroid?

Answer 23

embedded within the MYOMETRIUM

Question 24

Q8:

Location of the Subserosal uterine fibroid?

Answer 24

Occurs beneath the covering serosa of the uterus

Question 25

Q8:

Location of the Submucosal uterine fibroid?

Answer 25

Protrude into the endometrial cavity.

Question 26

Q8:

What type of tumor are leiomyomas?

• Benign or malignant
• Occur in Skeletal of Smooth muscle cells?

Answer 26

• Benign tumors
• Smooth muscle cells of the myometrium
  ( arranged in fascicles)

Question 27

Q8:

What percentage of uterine fibroids are benign?

Answer 27

98.5% are benign. (LEIOMYOMAS)

1-2% are malignant. (LEIOMYOSARCOMAS)

Question 28

Q8:

What’s the percentage in which all woman of reproductive age (30s-40s) have them?

Answer 28

20%
(commonly seen during reproductive age – uterine fibroids),
- not commonly seen after menopause

Question 29

Q9:

What are some symptoms associated with having uterine fibroids?
Common and Submucosal

Answer 29

Common:
Abdominal heaviness
Urinary urgency
Constipation.

Tumors located beneath the mucosa tend to grow into the endometrial cavity (submucosal), causing:
Menstral irregularities
Endometrial bleeding
Infertility, because it interferes with implantation of the embryo.

Question 30

Q10:

Which of the uterine fibroids is most detrimental to fertilization?

Answer 30

Submucosal uterine fibroid

Question 31

Q10:

Which of the uterine fibroids is most detrimental to fertilization?

Answer 31

Submucosal uterine fibroid

Question 32

Q5:

What are the three types of CIN?

Answer 32

CIN 1: Least risky, mild dysplasia, confined to basal 1/3 of epithelium

CIN 2: Moderate dysplasia, confined to basal 2/3 of the epithelium

CIN 3: Severe dysplasia, more than 2/3 of epithelium (also called CIS)