18-thyroid Gland Disorders

Question 0

Thyroglossal duct cyst comes from what

Answer 0

When thyrogloss all duct cyst fails to atrophy

Question 1

What is lingual thyroid

Answer 1

Failure of thyroid gland from base of tongue just posterior to foramen cecum

Question 2

What can arise from lining of the thryoductal gland cyst

Answer 2

Cancer

Question 3

What is the most common hyperthyrodism and thyrotoxicosis

Answer 3

Graves’ disease

Question 4

Causes for primary hyperthyrodism

Answer 4

Graves’ disease
Toxic multinodular goiter
Toxic thyroid adenoma
Thyroiditis

Question 5

Lab for primary hyperthyrodism

Answer 5

^ t3t4

Decreased TSH

Question 6

Lab for secondary hyperthyrodism

Answer 6

Increased t3t4

Increased TSH

Question 7

Secondary cause of hyperthyrodism

Answer 7

Benign adenoma of the pituitary gland

Question 8

Where does in hyperthyrodism come from on strums ovarii

Answer 8

Teratoma germ layers secrete it

Increased t3and t4

Question 9

Why do people with hyperthyroidism have a wise staring gaze

Answer 9

Overstimulation if th elevator palpebrae superioris

Question 10

Where is exophthalmos see a and why does it happen

Answer 10

Only in Graves’ disease and it is due to the accumulation if connective tissue behind the eyeballs , also excessive deposition of periorbital tissue

Uppereyelid is separated from the upper part of the cornea

Question 11

What antibody is involved in graves

Answer 11

IgG- TSTimulating

Question 12

What happens to the thyroid follicular cells in graves

Answer 12

Hyperplasia and hypertrophy

Question 13

What are the 4 clinical manifestations only seen in Graves’ disease

Answer 13

Pretibial myxedema
Proptosis- exophthalmos
Acropachy

Question 14

What causes the four clinical manifestations in graves ?

Answer 14

Fibroblasts are activated because have TSH receptors and they secrete GAGS

Question 15

How are the glands histologically in graves

Answer 15

Tall columnar hyperplasia thyroid cells lining the follicles and forming micro papillary projections or solid cords

• stroma lymphocytes form aggregates
• colloid is pale -peripheral scalloping
• thyroid follicular folds

Question 16

DD of graves

Answer 16

Papillary carcinoma

Has clear chromatin and pseudo inclusions

Question 17

What genes are associated wth Graves’ disease

Answer 17

HLA dr3

HLA b8

Question 18

The other name for exophthalmos and reasons for it

Answer 18

Infiltrative opthalmopathy
Infiltrated by mononuclear cell lymphocytes
Inflammatory edema and swellings of extra ocular muscles
Increased number of adipocytes

Question 19

Is pretibial myxedema is what kind of edema

Answer 19

Non pitting edema

Question 20

Blood levels in graves

Answer 20

Hypo lipid
Hyperglycemia
Hypercalcemia

Question 21

Propylthiouracil or methimazole is a treatment for what

Answer 21

Hyperthyrodism

Question 22

Toxic nodular goiter - plummers disease

Answer 22

One or more nodules in MNG becomes TSH dependent

Hot nodule *

Question 23

Toxic adenoma

Answer 23

Benign tumor single

Question 24

How are the TH and TSH levels in thyrotoxicosis and what do patients develop

Answer 24

T3and t4 are high TSH undetectable Patient -delirium coma tachy, atrial fib

Question 25

What is myxedema

Answer 25

Is a term used to denote edema of the skin and internal organs due to accumulations of hygroscopic gag typically in hypothyroidism of adults

Question 26

What do you see around the eyes in hypothyroidism

Answer 26

Periorbital puffiness

Question 27

What happens to the skin in myxedema

Answer 27

Discolored

Question 28

lab findings in myxedema

Answer 28

``` Increased TSH Decreased t3t4 Hyper cholesterol Normocystic to maxrocytic anemia Hypoatremia -mild SIADH ```

Question 29

Hashimotos ab

Answer 29

Antimicrosomal ab Anti thyroglobulin ab Ant peroxidase ab

Question 30

Features of creatinism

Answer 30

Dwarfism Pot belly Enlarged tongue Umbilical hernia