9- Obstructive Lung Disorder

Question 0

Obstructive lung disease functional lung test presents , and physical how?

Answer 0

TLC ^
RV^
Percussion bilateral hyper resonant 
Auscultation faint
Barrel chest
Fev1/fvc= decreased

Question 1

How does the diaphragm present in Ob LD

Answer 1

Pushed down

Question 2

What mind of diagnosis is emphysema

Answer 2

Anatomical

Question 3

What kind of diagnosis is chronic bronchitis?

Answer 3

Clinical

Question 4

What is the cause of airflow obstruction in chronic bronchitis

Answer 4

Edema ,fibrosis and recurring infections of bronchial tree

Question 5

What is the cause of airflow obstruction in emphysema

Answer 5

Loss of elastic recoil so small respiratory acini collapse

Question 6

Second cause for Emphysema after cigarette smoke

Answer 6

A1 anti trypsin deficiency

Question 7

What protease damages the elastic tissue of the lung ?

Answer 7

Serine protease

Question 8

Destruction of elastic tissue causes what?

Answer 8

Loss of radial traction
Small airways collapse
Air gets trapped

Question 9

What airways does centriacinar involve

Answer 9

Only dilation of respiratory bronchial

Alveoli normal

Question 10

The other name for centriacinar

Answer 10

Centri lobar emphysema

Question 11

What is the mc type of emphysema

Answer 11

Centriacinar

Question 12

What part of lungs does centriacinar involve

Answer 12

Apical segment of upper lobes where smoke goes up to

Question 13

Who is centriacinar mostly seen in

Answer 13

Smokers and CWP

Question 14

Who is panacinar emphysema seen in ?

Answer 14

Patients with AAT deficiency

Question 15

What organ makes AAT

Answer 15

Liver

Question 16

Two problems in AAT deficiency ?

Answer 16

Lungs have decreased anti trypsin and liver has accumulation of misfolded ATT - cirrhosis of liver

Question 17

What does accumulation of misfolded AAT lead to in panacinar emphysema

Answer 17

Cirrhosis of liver cells

Question 18

What is the thee other name for paraseptal emphysema

Answer 18

Distal acinar

Question 19

Does paraseptal emphysema cause obstruction

Answer 19

No

Question 20

What does distal acinar paraseptal emphysema MC lead to

Answer 20

Spontaneous pneumothorax from rupture of sub pleural bullae

Question 21

What does the thinking and destruction of large air spaces and alveolar capillaries lead to in emphysema

Answer 21

Pulmonary hypertension

Question 22

3 symptoms of emphysema

Answer 22

Dyspnea
Dec exercise tolerance
Tachypnea– hyperventilation

Question 23

What does pursing lips in emphysema do and what are these people called

Answer 23

Creates positive backwards pressure- over oxygenated skin so PINK BUFFERS

Question 24

WhAt develops late in emphysema from PH

Answer 24

COR pulmonary

Question 25

How does X-ray look in emphysema

Answer 25

Hyperlucent lung fields Depressed diaphragm Increased ap diameter Vertically orientated hidden heart

Question 26

Mc type of COPD

Answer 26

Chronic bronchitis

Question 27

Clinical requirement of chronic bronchitis

Answer 27

3 months for two years of cough and sputum

Question 28

What airways does chronic bronchitis affect

Answer 28

Large-trachea and bronchi and small airways -terminal bronchi

Question 29

What do the large airways in chronic bronchitis produce

Answer 29

Mucous gland hyperplasia | Excess mucous

Question 30

In chronic bronchitis what happens in the small airways

Answer 30

There is goblet cell metaplasia and mucous plugs with smc hypertrophy causing obstruction

Question 31

What does mucous plug in chronic bronchitis cause

Answer 31

Hypoxemia- acidosis - constriction -cyanosis -PH- COR pulmonale

Question 32

In chronic bronchitis what does mucous gland | Hypertrophy lead to

Answer 32

Increased Reid index more than .40

Question 33

What is the reid index

Answer 33

Is the thickness of mucosal gland to entire wall thickness

Question 34

What do patient with chronic bronchitis look like

Answer 34

Blue bloaters with peripheral edema from RVF

Question 35

What does late stage chronic bronchitis lead to

Answer 35

Severe hypoxia from broncoconstriction Pulmonary HT COR pulomonale

Question 36

PH in COPD develops from what combination of things

Answer 36

Pulmonary vasoconstriction -Hypoxia Increased blood viscosity -polycythemia Loss of pulmonary vasculature surface area

Question 37

Why does COPD develop increased lung viscosity

Answer 37

Due to polycythemia from chronic hypoxia

Question 38

What kind of lung disease is Asthma

Answer 38

Obstructive

Question 39

What kind of lung disease is bronchiectasis

Answer 39

Obstructive

Question 40

What airways do bronchiectasis involve

Answer 40

Medium dialated airways extending to pleura

Question 41

What does inflammation in bronchiectasis cause

Answer 41

Destruction of cartilage muscle And elastic tissue which cause weakness and permanent and irreversible dilatation

Question 42

Mc cause of bronchiectasis in America

Answer 42

CF

Question 43

Mc agents causing bronchiectasis in CF patients

Answer 43

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 44

Mc cause of bronchiectasis in the world

Answer 44

Tb

Question 45

What causes bronchiectasis

Answer 45

Obstruction from mucous from infection Chronic persistent infection

Question 46

Organism that cause bronchiectasis in children

Answer 46

H. Influenza

Question 47

Common organism that cause bronchiectasis

Answer 47

Strep pneumo Staph aureus Pneumococci Pseudomonas aeroginosa

Question 48

Causes for bronchiectasis

Answer 48

CF TB Broncogenic Carcinoma Kartagners*

Question 49

What are the bronchioles In bronchiectasis filled with

Answer 49

Pus

Question 50

Bronchiectasis clinical findings

Answer 50

Digital clubbing | Cupfull sputum

Question 51

How does the X-ray of bronchiectasis look

Answer 51

Bronchial markings toward periphery

Question 52

Obstruction pattern in emphysema

Answer 52

Airway collapse

Question 53

Obstruction pattern in bronchiectasis

Answer 53

Functional obstruction

Question 54

Obstruction pattern in chronic bronchitis

Answer 54

Mucous plug

Question 55

In bronchiectasis what do you find In ct scan of lung

Answer 55

Signet ring and dialated bronchi with thickened walls

Question 56

Bronchiectasis is reversible or irreversible ?

Answer 56

Irreversible

Question 57

Asthma is reversible or irreversible

Answer 57

Reversible

Question 58

What cause obstruction in asthma

Answer 58

Broncospasm Mucosal inflammation-edema Excessive secretion of mucous

Question 59

What airways does asthma involve

Answer 59

Bronchi and terminal bronchioles | Not resp unit

Question 60

What is the most common cause of children absence in school from respiratory disease

Answer 60

Asthma

Question 61

Other name for idiosyncratic asthma

Answer 61

Intrinsic asthma | Non allergic asthma

Question 62

What kind is asthma is aspirin induced asthma

Answer 62

Intrinsic non immune

Question 63

What kind of asthma is virus induced asthma

Answer 63

Intrinsic

Question 64

What mind of asthma is ozone produced asthma

Answer 64

Intrinsic

Question 65

When're do you see nasal polyps in adults

Answer 65

Aspirin produced asthma

Question 66

Where do you see nasal polyps in children

Answer 66

CF

Question 67

In early phase of extrinsic Asthma what is The signal for mast cells to degenerate

Answer 67

Cross link of igE on them

Question 68

Asthma early stage IL-4 Cause

Answer 68

IgE production

Question 69

Early stage asthma what cells secrete IL -4 and IL-5

Answer 69

CD 4 TH2 cells

Question 70

What mind of hypersensitivity is asthma

Answer 70

1

Question 71

Does does il-5 do in asthma

Answer 71

Chemo tactic for activation of eosinophils

Question 72

At what time is the late phase of asthma

Answer 72

4-8 hours later

Question 73

What cells are involved in late phase in Asthma

Answer 73

Neutrophils mononucleosis cells and eosinophils

Question 74

What is the important mediator in late stage asthma

Answer 74

Leukotrienes cde4

Question 75

In late phase asthma what do eosinophils release

Answer 75

Mbp- damage epithelial cells | Cationic protein- damage epithelial and cause constriction

Question 76

What histology changes happen in the cells in asthma

Answer 76

Hyperplasia of mucous glands Hypertrophy of smc Edema Eosinophils infiltrate

Question 77

What are asthma curshmann spirals

Answer 77

Shed epithelial cells in spiral | Shaped mucous plugs

Question 78

In asthma What are crystalline granules in eosinophils fuses to form ?

Answer 78

Spear shaped Charcot Leyden crystals