[18.1] population genetics

Question 1

what is a gene pool?

Answer 1

all of the alleles of all the genes of all the individuals in a population at a given time

Question 2

what is allelic frequency?

Answer 2

the number of times an allele occurs within the gene pool

Question 3

what assumptions need to be made when applying the hardy-weinburg principle / how does evolution not occur? (7)

Answer 3

1. mutation is not occuring
2. natural selection is not occuring
3. population is infinitely large
4. all members of the population breed
5. all mating is totally random
6. everyone produces the same number of offspring
7. there is no migration in or out of the population

Question 4

what is the hardy-weinburg equation?

Answer 4

p² + 2pq + q² = 1

Question 5

how is the hardy-weinburg equation created based on a genetic equilibrium?

Answer 5

• for a population in genetic equilibrium, p + q = 1
• sum of frequencies of both alleles = 100%
• (p + q)² must be 1 so p² + 2pq + q² = 1

Question 6

p, q, p², 2pq, q²

what do the different parts of the hardy-weinburg equation stand for?

Answer 6

• p = freqency of dominant allele
• q = frequency of recessive allele
• p² = frequency of AA (homozygous dominant)
• 2pq = freqency of Aa (heterozygous)
• q² = freqency of aa (homozygous recessive)