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Medical Terminology > chapter 2 > Flashcards

chapter 2 Flashcards

0
Q

cell membrane

A

forms the boundary of the cell

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1
Q

cell

A

basic unit of all living things

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2
Q

cytoplasm

A

gel-like fluid inside the cell

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3
Q

nucleus

A

spherical, centrally located

contains chromosomes for cellular repro, control center of the cell

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4
Q

chromosomes

A

located in nucleus, 46 in normal cells

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5
Q

genes

A

regions within the chromosome, determine hereditary characteristics

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6
Q

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

A

compromises a gene

regulates the activities of a cell

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7
Q

tissue

A

a group of similar cells that perform a specific function

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8
Q

muscle tissue

A

composed of cells that have a special ability to contract, producing movement

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9
Q

nervous tissue

A

found in nerves, spinal cord, brain

coordinating & controlling body activities

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10
Q

connective tissue

A

connects, supports, penetrates, encases various body structures
ex: adipose, osseous, blood

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11
Q

epithelial tissue

A

major covering of the external surface of the body

lines body cavities and organs

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12
Q

organ

A

2+ kinds of tissue that together perform special body functions

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13
Q

system

A

group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions

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14
Q

integumentary system

A

composed of skin, nails, glands

forms protective covering for the body, regulates body temp, helps manufacture vitamin D

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15
Q

respiratory system

A

composed of nose, pharynx(throat), larynx(voice box), trachea(windpipe), bronchial tubes, lungs
performs respiration which provides for the exchange of O2 & CO2 within the body

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16
Q

urinary system

A

composed of kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

removes waste material from the body regulates fluid volume, maintains electrolyte concentration

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17
Q

reproductive system

A

composed of ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, testes, urethra, penis, prostate gland, associated tubes
responsible for heredity and reproduction

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18
Q

cardiovascular system

A

composed of heart, blood vessels

pumps and transports blood throughout the body

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19
Q

lymphatic system

A

composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, organs

provides defense against infection

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20
Q

digestive system

A

composed of gastrointestinal tract(esophagus, stomach, large & small intestine, accessory organs, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
prepares food for the use of body cells and eliminates waste

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21
Q

musculoskeletal system

A

composed of muscle, bone, joints

provides movement and framework for the body, protects vital organs, stores calcium, produces red blood cells

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22
Q

nervous system

A

composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves

regulates body activities by sending and receiving messages

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23
Q

endocrine system

A

composed of glands that secrete hormones

regulate many body activities

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24
Q

cranial cavity

A

space inside the skull (cranium) containing the brain

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25
Q

spinal cavity

A

space inside the spinal column containing the spinal cord

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26
Q

thoracic/chest cavity

A

space containing the heart, aorta, lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchi

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27
Q

abdominal cavity

A

space containing the stomach, intestines, kidneys, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, ureters

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28
Q

pelvic cavity

A

space containing the urinary bladder, certain repro organs, parts of the small & large intestines, rectum

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29
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

both the pelvic and abdominal cavities

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30
Q

cancer/o, carcin/o

A

cancer

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31
Q

eti/o

A

cause (of disease)

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32
Q

gno/o

A

knowledge

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33
Q

iatr/o

A

physician, medicine, treatment

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34
Q

lei/o

A

smooth

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35
Q

onc/o

A

tumor, mass

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36
Q

path/o

A

disease

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37
Q

rhabd/o

A

rod-shaped, striated

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38
Q

somat/o

A

body

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39
Q

chlor/o

A

green

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40
Q

chrom/o

A

color

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41
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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42
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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43
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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44
Q

melan/o

A

black

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45
Q

xanth/o

A

yellow

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46
Q

dia-

A

through, complete

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47
Q

dys-

A

painful, abnormal, difficult, labored

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48
Q

hyper-

A

above, excessive

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49
Q

hypo-

A

below, incomplete, deficient

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50
Q

meta-

A

after, beyond, change

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51
Q

neo-

A

new

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52
Q

pro-

A

before

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53
Q

-al, -ic, -ous

A

pertaining to

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54
Q

-cyte

A

cell

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55
Q

-gen

A

substance or agent that produces or causes

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56
Q

-genic

A

producing, originating, causing

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57
Q

-logist

A

one who studies and treats

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58
Q

-logy

A

study of

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59
Q

-oid

A

resembling

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60
Q

-oma

A

tumor, swelling

61
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

62
Q

-pathy

A

disease

63
Q

-plasia

A

condition of formation, development, growth

64
Q

-plasm

A

growth, substance, formation

65
Q

-sarcoma

A

malignant tumor

66
Q

-sis

A

state of

67
Q

-stasis

A

control, stop, standing

68
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

cancerous tumor of glandular tissue

69
Q

adenoma

A

tumor composed of glandular tissue (benign)

70
Q

carcinoma (CA)

A

cancerous tumor (malignant)

71
Q

chloroma

A

tumor of green tissue (malignant, arising from myeloid tissue)

72
Q

epothelioma

A

tumor composed of epithelium (may be benign or malignant)

73
Q

fibroma

A

tumor composed of fiber (benign)

74
Q

fibrosarcoma

A

malignant tumor composed of fiber

75
Q

leiomyoma

A

tumor composed of smooth muscle (benign)

76
Q

leiomyosarcoma

A

malignant tumor of smooth muscle

77
Q

lipoma

A

tumor composed of fat (benign)

78
Q

liposarcoma

A

malignant tumor of fat

79
Q

melanocarcinoma

A

cancerous black tumor (malignant)

80
Q

melanoma

A

black tumor (primarily of the skin)

81
Q

myoma

A

tumor composed of muscle (benign)

82
Q

neoplasm

A

new growth (of abnormal tissue or tumor)

83
Q

neuroma

A

tumor composed of nerve (benign)

84
Q

rhabdomyoma

A

tumor comprised of striated muscle (benign)

85
Q

rhabdomyosarcoma

A

malignant tumor of striated muscle

86
Q

sarcoma

A

tumor of connective tissue, such as bone or cartilage (highly malignant)

87
Q

cytogenic

A

producing cells

88
Q

cytoid

A

resembling a cell

89
Q

cytology

A

study of cells

90
Q

cytoplasm

A

cell structure

91
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal development

92
Q

epithelial

A

pertaining to the epithelium

93
Q

erythrocyte (RBC)

A

red (blood) cell

94
Q

erythrocytosis

A

increase in the number of red (blood) cells

95
Q

histology

A

study of tissue

96
Q

hyperplasia

A

excessive development (number of cells)

97
Q

hypoplasia

A

incomplete development (of an organ or tissues)

98
Q

karyocyte

A

cell with a nucleus

99
Q

karyoplasm

A

substance of a nucleus

100
Q

leukocyte (WBC)

A

white (blood) cell

101
Q

leukocytosis

A

increase in the number of white (blood) cells

102
Q

lipoid

A

resembling fat

103
Q

myopathy

A

disease of the muscle

104
Q

neuroid

A

resembling a nerve

105
Q

somatic

A

pertaining to the body

106
Q

somatogenic

A

originating in the body

107
Q

somatopathy

A

disease of the body

108
Q

somatoplasm

A

body substance

109
Q

systemic

A

pertaining to a (body) system (or the body as a whole)

110
Q

visceral

A

pertaining to the internal organs

111
Q

cancerous

A

pertaining to cancer

112
Q

carcinogen

A

substance that causes cancer

113
Q

carcinogenic

A

producing cancer

114
Q

cyanosis

A

abnormal condition of blueish skin

115
Q

diagnosis (Dx)

A

state of complete knowledge (identifying a disease)

116
Q

etiology

A

study of causes (of diseases)

117
Q

iatrogenic

A

produced by a physician (the unexpected results from a treatment prescribed by a physician)

118
Q

iatrology

A

study of medicine

119
Q

metastasis (mets) (pl. metastases)

A

beyond control (spread of disease from one organ to another, as in the transfer of malignant tumors)

120
Q

neopathy

A

new disease

121
Q

oncogenic

A

causing tumors

122
Q

oncologist

A

a physician who studies and treats tumors

123
Q

oncology

A

study of tumors

124
Q

organic

A

pertaining to an organ

125
Q

organoid

A

resembling an organ

126
Q

pathogenic

A

producing a disease

127
Q

pathologist

A

a physician who studies diseases

128
Q

pathology

A

study of disease

129
Q

prognosis (Px)

A

state of before knowledge (prediction of the outcome of disease)

130
Q

xanthochromic

A

pertaining to yellow color

131
Q

xanthosis

A

abnormal condition of yellow (discoloration)

132
Q

benign

A

not malignant, noncurrent, favorable for recovery

133
Q

carcinoma in situ

A

cancer in the early stage before invading surrounding tissue

134
Q

chemotherapy (chemo)

A

treatment of cancer with drugs

135
Q

encapsulated

A

enclosed in a capsule, as with benign tumors

136
Q

exacerbation

A

increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms

137
Q

idiopathic

A

pertaining to disease of unknown origin

138
Q

inflammation

A

response to injury or destruction of tissue characterized by redness, swelling, heat, pain

139
Q

in vitro

A

within a glass, observable within a test tube

140
Q

in vivo

A

within the living body

141
Q

malignant

A

tending to become progressively worse and to cause death, as in cancer

142
Q

radiation therapy (XRT)

A

treatment of cancer with a radioactive substance, x-ray, or radiation

143
Q

remission

A

improvement or absence of signs of disease

144
Q

CA

A

carcinoma

145
Q

chemo

A

chemotherapy

146
Q

Dx

A

diagnosis

147
Q

mets

A

metastasis

148
Q

Px

A

prognosis

149
Q

RBC

A

red blood cell

150
Q

XRT

A

radiation therapy

151
Q

WBC

A

white blood cell

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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