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Medical Terminology > chapter 10 > Flashcards

chapter 10 Flashcards

0
Q

atrioventricular valves

A

tricuspid/bicuspid valves
lie between atria and ventricle
keep blood flowing in one direction

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1
Q

heart

A

muscular cone shaped organ, size of fist, pumping action circulates blood

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2
Q

semilunar valves

A

pulmonary/aortic valves

ventricles/aorta, pulmonary artery

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3
Q

pericardium

A

2 layer sac surrounding heart

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4
Q

epicardium

A

covers the heart

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5
Q

myocardium

A

middle, thick, muscular layer

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6
Q

endocardium

A

inner lining of the heart

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7
Q

blood vessels

A

tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body

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8
Q

arteries

A

blood vessels that carry blood (O2, nutrient rich) from the heart to the body

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9
Q

arterioles

A

smallest arteries

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10
Q

aorta

A

largest artery

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11
Q

veins

A

blood vessels that carry blood (O2 poor) to the heart

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12
Q

venules

A

smallest veins

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13
Q

venae cavae

A

largest veins in the body (superior/inferior)

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14
Q

capillaries

A

microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules, gas exchange

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15
Q

blood

A

composed of plasma, formed elements (rbc, wbc, platelets)

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16
Q

plasma

A

clear, liquid portion of blood that suspends cells
90%water
comprises 55% total blood volume

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17
Q

erythrocytes

A

RBC carry O2

develop in red bone marrow

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18
Q

leukocytes

A

WBC combat infection, respond to inflammation

5 types

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19
Q

platelets (thrombocytes)

A

one of the formed elements in the blood that is responsible for aiding in the clotting process

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20
Q

serum

A

clear, watery fluid portion of the blood that remains after a clot has formed

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21
Q

lymph

A

transparent, colorless tissue fluid
contains lymphocytes, monocytes
flows in one direction, to heart

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22
Q

lymphatic vessels

A

transport lymph from body tissues to the chest, where it enters the cardiovascular system

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23
Q

lymph nodes

A

small, spherical bodies composed of lymphoid tissue
filter lymph
produce lymphocytes

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24
Q

spleen

A

left side abdominal cavity between stomach and diaphragm
cleanses blood
stores blood, destroys worn out RBC

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25
Q

thymus gland

A

important role in development of bodys immune system

primary lymphatic organs

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26
Q

angi/o

A

vessel

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27
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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28
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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29
Q

atri/o

A

atrium

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30
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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31
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph, lymph tissue

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32
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lymph node

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33
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow

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34
Q

phleb/o, ven/o

A

vein

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35
Q

plasm/o

A

plasma

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36
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

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37
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

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38
Q

valv/o, valvul/o

A

valve

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39
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle

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40
Q

ather/o

A

yellowish, fatty plaque

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41
Q

ech/o

A

sound

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42
Q

electr/o

A

electricity, electrical activity

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43
Q

isch/o

A

deficiency, blockage

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44
Q

therm/o

A

heat

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45
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

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46
Q

brady-

A

slow

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47
Q

-ac

A

pertaining to

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48
Q

-apheresis

A

removal

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49
Q

-graph

A

instrument used to record, record

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50
Q

-pneia

A

abnormal reduction in number

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51
Q

-poiesis

A

formation

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52
Q

-sclerosis

A

hardening

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53
Q

angioma

A

tumor composed of blood vessels

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54
Q

angiostenosis

A

narrowing of a blood vessel

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55
Q

aortic stenosis

A

narrowing pertaining to aorta

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56
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

hardening of the arteries

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57
Q

atherosclerosis

A

hardening of fatty plaque

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58
Q

bradycardia

A

condition of a slow heart (less than 60bpm)

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59
Q

cardiomegaly

A

enlargement of the heart

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60
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

disease of the heart muscle

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61
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

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62
Q

ischemia

A

deficiency of blood (flow)

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63
Q

myocarditis

A

inflammation of the muscle of the heart

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64
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart

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65
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein

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66
Q

polyarteritis

A

inflammation of many sites in the arteries

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67
Q

tachycardia

A

condition of a rapid heart (over 100bpm)

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68
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein associated with a clot

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69
Q

valvulitis

A

inflammation of a valve (of the heart)

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70
Q

hematoma

A

tumor of blood (collection of blood resulting from a broken blood vessel)

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71
Q

multiple myeloma

A

tumors of the bone marrow

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72
Q

pancytopenia

A

abnormal reduction of all (blood) cells

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73
Q

thrombosis

A

abnormal condition of a (blood) clot

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74
Q

thrombus

A

(blood) clot (attached to the interior wall of an artery)

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75
Q

lymphadenitis

A

inflammation of the lymph nodes

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76
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

disease of the lymph nodes

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77
Q

lymphoma

A

tumor of the lymphatic tissue (malignant)

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78
Q

splenomegaly

A

enlargement of the spleen

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79
Q

thymoma

A

tumor of the thymus gland

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80
Q

acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

A

sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction

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81
Q

aneurysm

A

ballooning of a weakened portion of the arterial wall

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82
Q

angina pectoris

A

chest pain that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle

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83
Q

arrhythmia

A

any disturbance/abnormality in the hearts normal rhythmic pattern

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84
Q

atrial fibrillation (AFib)

A

a cardiac arrhythmia characterized by chaotic, rapid electrical impulses in the atria

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85
Q

cardiac arrest

A

sudden cessation of the cardiac output and effective circulation which requires CPR

86
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity

87
Q

coarctation of the aorta

A

congenital cardiac condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta

88
Q

congenital heart disease

A

heart abnormality present at birth

89
Q

congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply the tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen

90
Q

coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

a condition that reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries to the myocardium, leaving it without enough nutrients and oxygen to function properly

91
Q

coronary occlusion

A

obstruction of an artery of the heart

92
Q

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

condition of thrombosis in a deep vein of the body

93
Q

hypertensive heart disease (HHD)

A

disorder of the heart caused by persistent high blood pressure

94
Q

intermittent claudication

A

pain and discomfort in calf muscles while walking

95
Q

mitral valve stenosis

A

a narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring

96
Q

myocardial infarction (MI)

A

death of a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from interrupted blood supply (heart attack)

97
Q

peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

A

disease of the arteries in the arms and legs, resulting in a narrowing or complete obstruction of the artery

98
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

damage to the heart muscle or heart valves caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever

99
Q

varicose veins

A

distended or tortuous veins usually found in the lower extremities

100
Q

anemia

A

reduction in the number of RBCs

101
Q

embolus

A

blood clot or foreign material that enters the bloodstream and moves until it lodges at another point in the circulation

102
Q

hemophilia

A

inherited bleeding disease most commonly caused by a deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII

103
Q

leukemia

A

malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in abnormal WBCs formed in bone marrow

104
Q

sepsis

A

a condition in which pathogenic microorganisms enter the bloodstream causing a systemic inflammatory response to the infection

105
Q

Hodgkin disease

A

malignant disorder of the lymphatic tissue characterized by progressive enlargement of lymph nodes

106
Q

infectious mononucleosis

A

an acute infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus characterized by swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fatigue, fever

107
Q

angioplasty

A

surgical repair of a blood vessel

108
Q

atherectomy

A

excision of fatty plaque

109
Q

endarterectomy

A

excision within the artery, cleaned out

110
Q

pericardiocentesis

A

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the sac surrounding the heart (pericardium)

111
Q

phlebectomy

A

excision of a vein

112
Q

phlebotomy

A

incision into a vein

113
Q

valvuloplasty

A

surgical repair of a valve

114
Q

splenectomy

A

excision of the spleen

115
Q

splenopexy

A

surgical fixation of the spleen

116
Q

thymectomy

A

excision of the thymus gland

117
Q

aneurysmectomy

A

surgical excision of an aneurysm

118
Q

atrial fibrillation ablation

A

procedure in which abnormal cells that trigger atrial fibrillation are destroyed by using radiofrequency energy

119
Q

cardiac pacemaker

A

battery powered apparatus implanted under the skin with leads placed on the heart, used to treat an abnormal heart rhythm

120
Q

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

A

surgical technique to bring a new blood supply to the heart muscle by detouring around blocked arteries

121
Q

coronary stent

A

supportive scaffold device placed in the coronary artery, used to prevent closure

122
Q

embolectomy

A

surgical removal of an embolus or clot with a balloon catheter

123
Q

femoropopliteal bypass

A

surgery to establish an alternate route from the femoral artery to popliteal artery to bypass an obstruction

124
Q

implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD)

A

a device implanted in the body that continuously monitors the heart rhythm

125
Q

intracoronary thrombolytic therapy

A

an injection of a medication either intravenously or intraarterially to dissolve blood clots in the coronary arteries

126
Q

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

A

procedure where a balloon is passed through a blood vessel into a coronary to the area where plaque is formed

127
Q

bone marrow aspiration

A

a syringe is used to aspirate a sample of the liquid portion of the bone marrow

128
Q

bone marrow biopsy

A

a needle puncture to obtain a sample of bone marrow

129
Q

bone marrow transplant

A

infusion of healthy bone marrow cells from a donor with matching cells and tissue to a recipient

130
Q

angiography

A

radiographic imaging of blood vessels

131
Q

angioscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of a blood vessel

132
Q

angioscopy

A

visual examination of a blood vessel

133
Q

aortogram

A

radiographic image of the aorta

134
Q

arteriogram

A

radiographic image of an artery

135
Q

venogram

A

radiographic image of a vein

136
Q

venography

A

radiographic imaging of a vein

137
Q

echocardiogram (ECHO)

A

record of the heart using sound

138
Q

electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)

A

record of the electrical activity of the heart

139
Q

electrocardiograph

A

instrument used to record the electrical activity of the heart

140
Q

electrocardiography

A

process of recording the electrical activity of the heart

141
Q

distal subtraction angiography (DSA)

A

process of digital radiographic imaging of the blood vessels that subtracts/removes structures not being studied

142
Q

Doppler ultrasound

A

study that uses sound for detection of blood flow within the vessels

143
Q

exercise stress test

A

study that evaluates cardiac function during physical stress by riding a bike or walking on a treadmill

144
Q

single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

A

nuclear medicine scan that visualizes the heart from several different angles

145
Q

thallium test

A

nuclear medicine test used to diagnose coronary artery disease and assess revascularization after coronary artery bypass surgery

146
Q

transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)

A

ultrasound test that examines cardiac function and structure by using an ultrasound probe placed in the esophagus

147
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

examination to determine the condition of the heart and surrounding blood vessels

148
Q

impendance pleythysmography (IPG)

A

measures venous flow of the extremities with a plethysmograph to detect clots by measuring changes in blood volume and resistance in the vein

149
Q

blood pressure (BP)

A

pressure exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls

150
Q

pulse

A

rhythmic expansion of an artery that can be felt with a finger

151
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

device used for measuring blood pressure

152
Q

C-reactive protein (CRP)

A

blood test to measure the amount of C-reactive protein in the blood (when elevated, indicates inflammation in the body)

153
Q

creatine phosphokinase (CPK)

A

blood test used to measure the level of creatine phosphokinase

154
Q

homocysteine

A

blood test used to measure the amount of homocysteine in the blood

155
Q

lipid profile

A

blood test used to measure the amount of lipids in a sample of blood

156
Q

troponin

A

blood test that measures troponin

157
Q

coagulation time

A

blood test used to determine the amount of time it takes for blood to form a clot

158
Q

complete blood count (CBC) & differential count (DC)

A

basic blood screening that measures hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC, size/shape, WBC, platelets

159
Q

hematocrit (HTC)

A

blood test to measure the volume of RBCs

160
Q

hemoglobin (Hgb)

A

blood test used to determine the concentration of oxygen-carrying components in RBC

161
Q

prothrombin time (PT)

A

blood test used to determine certain coagulation activity defects and to monitor anticoagulation therapy

162
Q

atrioventricular (AV)

A

pertaining to the atrium and ventricle

163
Q

cardiac

A

pertaining to the heart

164
Q

cardiogenic

A

originating in the heart

165
Q

cardiologist

A

physician who studies and treats diseases of the heart

166
Q

cardiology

A

study of the heart

167
Q

hypothermia

A

condition of body temperature that is below normal

168
Q

intravenous (IV)

A

pertaining to within the vein

169
Q

phlebologist

A

physician who studies and treats diseases of the veins

170
Q

phlebology

A

study of veins

171
Q

hematologist

A

physician who studies and treats diseases of the blood

172
Q

hematology

A

study of the blood

173
Q

hematopoiesis

A

formation of blood cells

174
Q

hemolysis

A

dissolution of RBC

175
Q

hemostasis

A

stoppage of bleeding

176
Q

myelopoiesis

A

formation of bone marrow

177
Q

plasmapheresis

A

removal of plasma

178
Q

thrombolysis

A

dissolution of a clot

179
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

emergency procedure consisting of artificial ventilation and external cardiac massage

180
Q

defibrillation

A

application of an electrical shock to the myocardium through the chest wall to restore normal cardiac rhythm

181
Q

diastole

A

phase in cardiac in which the ventricles relax between contractions

182
Q

extracorporeal

A

occurring outside the body

183
Q

extravasation

A

escape of blood from the blood vessel into the tissue

184
Q

fibrillation

A

rapid, quivering, noncoordinated contractions of the atria and ventricles

185
Q

heart murmer

A

short duration humming sound of cardiac or vascular origin

186
Q

hypercolesterolemia

A

excessive amount of cholesterol in the blood

187
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

excessive amounts of fat in the blood

188
Q

hypertension

A

blood pressure that is above normal (above 140/90)

189
Q

hypertriglyceridemia

A

excessive amount of triglycerides in the blood

190
Q

hypotension

A

blood pressure that is below normal (lower 90/60)

191
Q

lipids

A

fats and fatlike substances that serve as a source of fuel in the body and are important to cell strucure

192
Q

lumen

A

space within a tubular part/organ

193
Q

occlude

A

to close tightly/block

194
Q

systole

A

phase in the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles contract

195
Q

vasoconstrictor

A

agent or nerve that narrows the blood vessels

196
Q

vasodilator

A

agent or nerve that enlarges the blood

197
Q

venipuncture

A

puncture of a vein to remove blood, instill medication, start intravenous infusion

198
Q

anticoagulant

A

agent that slows the blood clotting process

199
Q

blood dyscrasia

A

abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood

200
Q

hemorrhage

A

rapid loss of blood, bleeding

201
Q

allergen

A

environmental substance capable of producing an immediate hypersensitivity in the body

202
Q

allergist

A

physician who studies and treats allergic conditions

203
Q

allergy

A

hypersensitivity to a substance

204
Q

anaphylaxis

A

exaggerated, life threatening reaction to a previously encountered antigen

205
Q

antibody

A

substance that is produced by lymphocytes that inactivate/destroy antigens

206
Q

antigen

A

a substance that triggers an immune response when introduced into the body

207
Q

autoimmune disease

A

disease caused by the bodys inability to distinguish its own cells from foreign bodies, antibodies attack own cells

208
Q

immune

A

being resistant to specific invading pathogens

209
Q

immunodeficiency

A

deficient immune response caused by the immune system dysfunction

210
Q

immunologist

A

physician who studies and treats immune system disorders

211
Q

immunology

A

branch of medicine dealing with immune system disorders

212
Q

phagocytosis

A

process where some WBC destroy the invading microorganism and old cells

213
Q

vaccine

A

suspension of inactivated microorganisms administered by injection to prevent infectious diseases by inducing immunity

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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