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Medical Terminology > chapter 11 > Flashcards

chapter 11 Flashcards

0
Q

tongue

A

consists of skeletal muscle
provides movement for food mastication
directs food to pharynx for swallowing

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1
Q

mouth

A

opening through which food passes into the body

breaks food into small particles by mastication

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2
Q

palate

A

separates nasal cavity from oral cavity

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3
Q

soft palate

A

posterior portion, not supported by bone

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4
Q

hard palate

A

anterior portion, supported by bone

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5
Q

uvula

A

soft v-shaped structure that extends from soft palate, directs food to throat

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6
Q

pharynx, throat

A

performs swallowing action that passes food from the mouth to the esophagus

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7
Q

esophagus

A

10in tube that is passageway for food extending from pharynx to stomach
peristalsis begins here

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8
Q

stomach

A

j-shaped sac that mixes and stores food

secretes chems for digestion

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9
Q

cardia

A

area around the opening of the esophagus

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10
Q

fundus

A

uppermost domed portion of the stomach

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11
Q

body

A

central portion of the stomach

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12
Q

antrum

A

lower portion of the stomach

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13
Q

pylorus

A

portion of stomach that connects to small intestine

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14
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and duodenum

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15
Q

small intestine

A

20ft canal extending from pyloric sphincter
digestion completed
absorption, through villi

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16
Q

duodenum

A

first 10-12in of SI

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17
Q

jejunum

A

second portion of the small intestine, 8ft long

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18
Q

ileum

A

3rd portion of SI, 11ft long, connects with the large intestine

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19
Q

large intestine

A

canal, 5ft, extends from ileum to anus

absorption, elimination

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20
Q

cecum

A

blind u-shaped pouch that is the first portion of LI

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21
Q

colon

A

next portion of LI

divided in 4 parts: ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

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22
Q

rectum

A

remaining portion of LI, 8-10in, sigmoid colon to anus

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23
Q

anus

A

sphincter muscle at end of digestive tract

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24
Q

salivary glands

A

produce saliva

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25
Q

liver

A

produces bile

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26
Q

bile ducts

A

passageways that carry bile
hepatic-from liver
cystic-from gallbladder
common-to duodenum

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27
Q

gallbladder

A

small, saclike structure that stores bile

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28
Q

pancreas

A

produces pancreatic juice

secretes insulin

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29
Q

peritoneum

A

serous saclike lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities

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30
Q

appendix

A

small pouch, attached to cecum, no known function

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31
Q

abdomen

A

portion of body between thorax and pelvis

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32
Q

an/o

A

anus

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33
Q

antr/o

A

antrum

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34
Q

cec/o

A

cecum

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35
Q

col/o

colon/o

A

colon (usually LI)

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36
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

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37
Q

enter/o

A

intestine (usually SI)

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38
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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39
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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40
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

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41
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum

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42
Q

or/o

stomat/o

A

mouth

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43
Q

proct/o

rect/o

A

rectum

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44
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

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45
Q

abdomin/o
celi/o
lapar/o

A

abdomen (cavity)

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46
Q

append/o

appendic/o

A

appendix

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47
Q

cheil/o

A

lip

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48
Q

cholangi/o

A

bile duct

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49
Q

chol/e

A

gall, bile

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50
Q

choledoch/o

A

common bile duct

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51
Q

diverticul/o

A

diverticulum, blind pouch, extending from a hollow organ

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52
Q

gingiv/o

A

gum

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53
Q

gloss/o

lingu/o

A

tongue

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54
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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55
Q

herni/o

A

hernia, protrusion of an organ through a membrane of cavity wall

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56
Q

palat/o

A

palate

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57
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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58
Q

peritone/o

A

peritoneum

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59
Q

polyp/o

A

polyp

small growth

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60
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus, pyloric sphincter

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61
Q

sial/o

A

saliva, salivary gland

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62
Q

steat/o

A

fat

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63
Q

uvul/o

A

uvula

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64
Q

hemi-

A

half

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65
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

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66
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix

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67
Q

cholangioma

A

tumor of the bile duct

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68
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder

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69
Q

choledocholithiasis

A

condition of stones in the common bile duct

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70
Q

cholelithasis

A

condition of gallstones

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71
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of a diverticulum

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72
Q

diverticulosis

A

abnormal condition of having diverticula

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73
Q

esophagitis

A

inflammation of the esophagus

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74
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach

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75
Q

gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of the stomach and intestines

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76
Q

gastroenterocolitis

A

inflammation of the stomach, intestines, colon

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77
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

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78
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

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79
Q

hepatoma

A

tumor of the liver

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80
Q

palatitis

A

inflammation of the palate

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81
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

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82
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum

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83
Q

polyposis

A

abnormal condition of multiple polyps

84
Q

proctoptosis

A

prolapse of the rectum

85
Q

rectocele

A

protrusion of the rectum

86
Q

sialolith

A

stone in salivary gland

87
Q

steatohepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver associated with fat

88
Q

uvulitis

A

inflammation of the uvula

89
Q

adhesion

A

abnormal growing together of 2 surfaces that normally are separated

90
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

eating disorder characterized by a prolonged refusal to eat, resulting in emaciation, amenorrhea in females, abnormal fear of becoming obese

91
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

eating disorder involving gorging with food, followed by induced vomiting or laxative abuse (binging, purging)

92
Q

celiac disease

A

malabsorption syndrome caused by an immune reaction to gluten, which may damage the lining of the SI that is responsible for absorption of food into the bloodstream

93
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic disease of the liver with gradual destruction of the cells and formation of scar tissue

94
Q

crohn disease

A

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract usually affecting the ileum and colon; formation of scar tissue that may lead to intestinal obstruction

95
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

abnormal backward flow of gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus, causing heart burn and gradual breakdown of mucus barrier of esophagus

96
Q

hemochromatosis

A

iron metabolism disorder that occurs when two much iron is absorbed from food, resulting in excessive deposits of iron in the tissue
can cause congestive heart failure, diabetes, cirrhosis

97
Q

hemorrhoids

A

swollen or distended veins in the rectal area

98
Q

ileus

A

obstruction of the intestine, often caused by failure of peristalsis

99
Q

intussusception

A

telescoping of a segment of the intestine

100
Q

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

periodic disturbances of bowel function

101
Q

obesity

A

excess of body fat

102
Q

peptic ulcer

A

eroded area of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum associated with increased secretion of acid from stomach

103
Q

polyp

A

tumorlike growth extending outward from a mucous membrane

104
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

inflammation of the colon with the formation of ulcers

105
Q

volvulus

A

twisting or kinking of the intestine causing obstruction

106
Q

abdominocentesis

A

surgical procedure to remove fluid from the abdominal cavity

107
Q

abdominoplasty

A

surgical repair of the abdomen

108
Q

antrectomy

A

excision of the antrum

109
Q

appendectomy

A

excision of the appendix

110
Q

celiotomy

A

incision into the abdominal cavity

111
Q

cheilorrhaphy

A

suture of the lip

112
Q

cholecystectomy

A

excision of the gallbladder

113
Q

choledocholithotomy

A

incision into a common bile duct to remove a stone

114
Q

colectomy

A

excision of the colon

115
Q

diverticulectomy

A

excision of a diverticulum

116
Q

colostomy

A

creation of an artificial opening into the colon

117
Q

enterorrhaphy

A

suture of the intestine

118
Q

esophagogastroplasty

A

surgical repair of the esophagus and the stomach

119
Q

gastrectomy

A

excision of the stomach

120
Q

gastrojejunostomy

A

creation of an artificial opening between the stomach and jejunum

121
Q

gastroplasty

A

surgical repair of the stomach

122
Q

gastrostomy

A

creation of an artificial opening into the stomach

123
Q

gingivectomy

A

surgical repair of gum(tissue)

124
Q

glossorrhaphy

A

suture of the tongue

125
Q

hemicolectomy

A

excision of half the colon

126
Q

herniorrhaphy

A

suturing of a hernia

127
Q

ileostomy

A

creation of an artificial opening into the ileum

128
Q

laparotomy

A

incision into the abdominal cavity

129
Q

palatoplasty

A

surgical repair of the palate

130
Q

polypectomy

A

excision of a polyp

131
Q

pyloromyotomy

A

incision into the pyloric muscle

132
Q

pyloroplasty

A

surgical repair of the pyloris

133
Q

uvulectomy

A

excision of the uvula

134
Q

uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

A

surgical repair of the uvula, palate, pharynx

135
Q

abdominoperineal resection (A&P resection)

A

removal of the distal colon and rectum through both abdominal and perineal approaches

136
Q

anastomosis

A

an opening created by surgically joining two structures

137
Q

bariatric surgery

A

surgical reduction of gastric capacity to treat morbid obesity causing serious illness

138
Q

hemorrhoidectomy

A

excision of the hemorrhoids

139
Q

vagotomy

A

cutting of certain branches of the vagus nerve

140
Q

cholangiogram

A

radiographic image of bile ducts

141
Q

cholangiography

A

radiographic imaging of the bile ducts

142
Q

CT colonography

A

radiographic imaging of the colon

143
Q

esophagogram

A

radiographic image of the esophagus

144
Q

colonoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the colon

145
Q

colonoscopy

A

visual examination of the colon

146
Q

endoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination within a hollow organ

147
Q

endoscopy

A

visual examination within a hollow organ

148
Q

esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

A

visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum

149
Q

esophagoscopy

A

visual examination of the esophagus

150
Q

gastroscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the stomach

151
Q

gastroscopy

A

visual exmanination of the stomach

152
Q

laparoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the abdominal cavity

153
Q

laparoscopy

A

visual examination of the abdominal cavity

154
Q

proctoscope

A

instrument used for the visual examination of the retum

155
Q

proctoscopy

A

visual examination of the rectum

156
Q

sigmoidoscopy

A

visual examination of the sigmoid colon

157
Q

abdominal ultrasonography

A

process of recording images of internal organs using high frequency soundwaves produced by a transducer placed directly on the skin covering the abdominal cavity; observe size and structure of organs

158
Q

barium enema (BE)

A

series of radiographic images taken of the LI after the contrast agent barium has been administered rectally

159
Q

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

A

radiographic examination of the biliary ducts and pancreatic ducts with contrast media
used to evaluate obstructions, strictures, stone diseases

160
Q

upper GI series

A

series of radiographic images taken of the stomach and duodenum after contrast agent barium has been swallowed

161
Q

endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)

A

procedure using an endoscope fitted with an ultrasound probe that provides images of layers of the intestinal wall
used to detect tumors and cystic growth

162
Q

fecal occult blood test (FOBT)

A

test to detect occult blood in feces

used to screen for colon cancer or polyps

163
Q

helicobacter pylori antibodies test

A

blood test to determine the presence of h pylori bacteria; can be present in lining of stomach, can cause peptic ulcers

164
Q

abdominal

A

pertaining to the abdomen

165
Q

anal

A

pertaining to the anus

166
Q

aphagia

A

without swallowing (inability to)

167
Q

celiac

A

pertaining to the abdomen

168
Q

colorectal

A

pertaining to the colon, rectum

169
Q

duodenal

A

pertaining to the duodenum

170
Q

dyspepsia

A

difficult digestion

171
Q

dysphagia

A

difficult swallowing

172
Q

enteropathy

A

disease of the intestine

173
Q

esophageal

A

pertaining to the esophagus

174
Q

gastric

A

pertaining to the stomach

175
Q

gastroenterologist

A

a physician who studies and treats diseases of the stomach and intestines

176
Q

gatroenterology

A

study of the stomach and intestines

177
Q

gastromalacia

A

softening of the stomach

178
Q

glossopathy

A

disease of the tongue

179
Q

ileocecal

A

pertaining to the ileum and cecum

180
Q

nasogastric

A

pertaining to the nose and stomach

181
Q

oral

A

pertaining to the mouth

182
Q

pancreatic

A

pertaining to the pancreas

183
Q

peritoneal

A

pertaining to the peritoneum

184
Q

proctologist

A

physician who studies and treats diseases of the rectum

185
Q

proctology

A

study of the rectum

186
Q

rectal

A

pertaining to the rectum

187
Q

steatorrhea

A

discharge of fat

188
Q

steatosis

A

abnormal condition of fat

189
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth

190
Q

stomatogastric

A

pertaining to the mouth and stomach

191
Q

sublingual

A

pertaining to under the tongue

192
Q

ascites

A

abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

193
Q

diarrhea

A

frequent discharge of liquid stool

194
Q

dysentery

A

disorder that involves inflammation of the intestine associated with diarrhea and abdominal pain

195
Q

emesis

A

expelling matter from the stomach through the mouth

196
Q

feces

A

waste from the digestive tract expelled through the rectum

197
Q

flatus

A

gas in the digestive tract or expelled through the anus

198
Q

gastric lavage

A

washing out the stomach

199
Q

gavage

A

process of feeding a person through a nasogastric tube

200
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood

201
Q

hematochezia

A

passage of bloody feces

202
Q

malabsorption

A

impaired digestion or intestinal absorption of nutrients

203
Q

melena

A

black, tarry stool that contains digested blood

204
Q

nausea

A

urge to vomit

205
Q

peristalsis

A

involuntary wavelike contractions that propel food along the digestive tract

206
Q

reflux

A

abnormal backward flow

207
Q

stoma

A

surgical opening between an organ and the surface of the body or between body structures or between portions of the intestine

208
Q

vomiting

A

expelling matter from the stomach through the mouth

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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