Bacteria and Archaea

Question 1

Prokaryote Characteristics

Answer 1

Unicellular
Lack nuclear envelope
Lack membrane enclosed organelles
Have cell wall (peptidoglycan- bacteria only)
Circular chromosome

Question 2

Photoautotroph

Answer 2

Uses sunlight as energy source to reduce CO2 to sugar

Question 3

Chemoautotroph

Answer 3

Uses inorganic chemicals as energy source to reduce CO2 to sugar

Question 4

Photoheterotroph

Answer 4

Uses light as energy source, but can only consume reduced organic compounds

Question 5

Chemoheterotroph

Answer 5

Uses reduced organic compounds as energy source

Question 6

Gram positive bacteria

Answer 6

Simple cell wall: peptidoglycan traps crystal violet stain

Question 7

Gram negative bacteria

Answer 7

More complex cell wall (outer membrane before peptidoglycan layer): harder to kill, does not retain crystal violet stain

Question 8

Alpha proteobacteria

Answer 8

Rhizobium: fixes nitrogen in roots

Question 9

Beta proteobacteria

Answer 9

Nitrosomonas: oxidizes NH4 to NO2

Question 10

Gamma proteobacteria

Answer 10

Disease causing bacteria such as Salmonella

Question 11

Delta proteobacteria

Answer 11

Myxobacteria: creates fruiting bodies when food is scarce

Question 12

Epsilon proteobacteria

Answer 12

H. pylori: causes stomach ulcers

Question 13

Chlymidias

Answer 13

Bacteria that cause blindness or STDs

Question 14

Spirochetes

Answer 14

Helical bacteria: syhpilis and Lyme disease

Question 15

Cyanobacteria

Answer 15

Photosynthetic bacteria, components of phytoplankton

Question 16

Gram-positive bacteria (phyla)

Answer 16

Actinomycetes: soil, but also TB and leprosy
Streptomyces (anthrax, botulism)
staph, strep, mycoplasmas (no cell wall)

Question 17

Endotoxins

Answer 17

Created inside bacteria and released

Question 18

Exotoxins

Answer 18

Bacteria have a toxic coating

Question 19

Archaea

Answer 19

Extremophiles: can live in places where bacteria cannot (thermal vents, etc.)