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Bio 121 > Plant Reproduction > Flashcards

Plant Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Apomixis

A

Clone of mother plant

Seeds, but no sperm

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2
Q

4 flower organs

A

Sepal
Petal
Stamen
Carpel

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3
Q

Sepal

A

Photosynthesis
Protection of unopened floral bud
Growing plant: green bud covering enclosing unopened flower

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4
Q

Petal

A

Brightly colored

Attract pollinators

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5
Q

Carpel

A

Female reproductive system of plant

Stigma, style, ovary

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6
Q

Ovary

A 
Base of carpel
Contains ovule (houses embryo sac)
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7
Q

Style

A

Neck of carpel

Connects stigma with ovary

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8
Q

Stigma

A

Top of carpel

Sticky: captures pollen

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9
Q

Receptacle

A

Attaches floral organs to stem

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10
Q

Stamen

A

Male reproductive system of plant

Filament and anther

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11
Q

Anther

A

Pollen-containing portion of stamen

Top of stamen

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12
Q

Filament

A

Stalk of stamen

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13
Q

Perfect

A

Containing both male and female parts

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14
Q

Complete

A

Containing all 4 floral organs

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15
Q

Dioecious species

A

Either male or female flower on 1 plant

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16
Q

Monoecious

A

Both male and female flowers on 1 plant

17
Q

Thrum and pin flowers

A

Thrum: stamens are above styles
Pin: styles are above stamens
Outcrossing: thrums are good at pollinating pins and vice versa

18
Q

Angiosperm life cycle

A 
Pollen (n) from anther sticks to stigma
Pollen releases sperm (n), which travel down to egg
Sperm fertilizes egg
Zygote (2n) becomes embryo (2n) (seed)
Seed germinates
Mature sporophyte plant (2n) grows
19
Q

Development of male gametophyte

A 
Microsporophyll (2n): stamen ->
Microsporangia (2n): pollen sac ->
Microsporocyte (2n) ->
Meiosis ->
4 microspores (n): pollen tetrad ->
Mitosis ->
Microgametophyte (n): pollen grain (has nucleus and generative cell that forms 2 sperm)
20
Q

Development of female gametophyte

A

Megasporophyll (2n): carpel ->
Megasporangia (2n): ovule ->
Megasporocyte (2n): female spore/”mother cell” ->
Meiosis ->
Megaspores (n): 3 out of 4 degenerate ->
Mitosis ->
Megagametophyte (n): embryo sac w/egg

21
Q

Contents of megagametophyte

A

3 antipodal cells (opposite end of sac as egg)
2 polar nuclei (middle of sac)
1 egg
2 synergids (surround egg)

22
Q

Pollinators

A

Many different varieties: moths and butterflies, flies, bats, birds, bees, etc.
Reason why there are so many different species of angiosperms

23
Q

Double fertilization

A

2 sperm are released by pollen grain
1 fuses with egg, creating zygote (2n)
Other fuses with 2 polar nuclei, creating endosperm (3n)

24
Q

Endosperm

A

Storage structure for growing plant

25
Q

Cotyledons

A

Seed leaves on embryo
Monocot: 1
Dicot: 2

26
Q

Development of embryo

A

Zygote -> basal cell and terminal cell -> terminal cell turns into proembryo and basal cell produces suspensor (umbilical cord) -> proembryo develops cotyledons, shoot apex, root apex, and seed coat

27
Q

Simple fruit

A

Develops from single carpel or several fused carpels of 1 flower
Example: pea

28
Q

Aggregate fruit

A

Develops from many separate carpels of 1 flower

Example: raspberry

29
Q

Multiple fruit

A

Develops from many carpels of the many flowers that form as an inflorescence
Example: pineapple

30
Q

Accessory fruit

A

Develops largely from tissues other than ovary

Example: apple (ovary=core; receptacle=part we eat)

31
Q

Fruit and seed dispersal

A

Wind: dandelion seeds, tumbleweeds, winged fruit of maple
Water: coconut seed inside buoyant husk
Animal: squirrel burying seeds, seeds dispersed in black bear feces, ant carrying seed to nest

32
Q

Eudicot seed

A

Example: bean
2 seed leaves (cotyledons): storage and covering of developing leaf
Seed coat covers seed
Radicle (in bent part of bean): embryonic root

33
Q

Monocot seed

A 
Example: corn
1 seed leaf (cotyledon): developing leaf
Coleoptile: covers young shoot
Coleorhiza: covers young root
Endosperm: food storage

Bio 121 (25 decks)

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