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Biology > Ch. 20-21 > Flashcards

Ch. 20-21 Flashcards

1
Q

8 major land biomes

A

tundra, taiga, temperate deciduous forests

tropical forest, temperate grassland, savanna, chaparral, desert

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2
Q

tundra

A

cold, little rain
thin soil covers permafrost, soil- low in nutrients
moss, lichen,grasses
caribou,polar bears, snowy owls

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3
Q

taiga

A

cold long winters,
short growing seasons, soil-low in nutrients
coniferous trees-pines, fir
moose, brown bear, voles

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4
Q

temperate deciduous forest

A

trees loose their leaves, cold winters, warm summers, moderate rainfall
oak, birch trees
deer, raccoons, red fox

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5
Q

tropical forests

A

warm, many trees, growing season all year long, high rainfall
moss, orchids,many vines
monkeys, insects, snakes

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6
Q

temperate grasslands

A

cold winters, warm dry summers
rich fertile soil
many grasses, flowers
bison, antelope, coyotes

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7
Q

savanna

A

warmer seasons, wet and dry seasons
acacia trees, shrubs, grasses
zebra, lions,hyena

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8
Q

chaparral

A

mild rainy winters, dry hot summers
spiny shrubs, manzanita
grey fox,coyote, rattlesnake

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9
Q

desert

A

very little rainfall, can be very hot and cold
soil-sandy, low nutrients
cacti-plants adapted to deserts
road runner, kit foxes, snakes

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10
Q

major ocean zones

A

aphotic zone, photic zone, intertidal zone,neritic zone,oceanic zone (pelagic, benthic zone)

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11
Q

aphotic zone

A

receives no sunlight, no photosynthesis

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12
Q

photic zone

A

receives sunlight

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13
Q

intertidal zone

A

area of the shore between high tide and low tide, constant change in conditions

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14
Q

neritic zone

A

from the intertidal zone over the continental shelf, most productive area of the ocean per m2, brings up nutrients from the bottom (upwelling), rich in plankton/fish, coral reefs form here

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15
Q

oceanic zone

A

deepest parts of the ocean, lower nutrients, less productive
pelagic zone, benthic zone

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16
Q

pelagic zone

A

open ocean, aphotic

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17
Q

benthic zone

A

bottom, aphotic, some chemosynthesis

18
Q

estuaries

A

fresh water rivers and streams flow into the ocean, lots of light and nutrients, high species richness

19
Q

eutrophic lakes/ponds

A

rich organic matter and vegetation, tend to be murky

20
Q

oligotrophic lakes/ ponds

A

clear, low in organic matter, sandy, rocky bottom

21
Q

upwelling

A

brings up nutrients from the bottom

22
Q

earth’s layers

A

atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, biosphere

23
Q

GREEN HOUSE EFFECT

A

asgas

24
Q

WETLANDS

A

afgd

25
Q

ozone layer

A

20km above earth, absorbs about 99% of UV radiation

26
Q

cause and effect of ozone thinning

A

cause-CFCs breaking down the ozone

effect-global warming, more skin cancer

27
Q

species biodiversity

A

the species richness and species evenness inn an area

28
Q

utilitrian value

A

species used for common everyday uses (food, medicine, cleaning air, etc.)

29
Q

nonutilitarian value

A

have value simply just because they exist

30
Q

acid precipitation (cause+effect)

A

cause-pollutants combine with water in the atmosphere and form acids
effect-changes pH level (increase acidity of water and soil), death to trees and fish, etc

31
Q

biological magnification +ex

A

chemicals become more concentrated the higher an organisms is in the food chain ex: DDT and bald eagles

32
Q

ecological footprint

A

analysis of human impact on eco systems- takes into account food, natural resources, and human production of waste/pollution
can estimate long term sustainability

33
Q

sustainability

A

ability to meet human needs in a way that human population can survive indefinately
develop new tech for energy, transportation…
slow human pop growth, reduce consumption

34
Q

conservation biology +ex

A

save and manage areas that still have high biodiversity ex:preserving land

35
Q

restoration biology

A

restoring areas of extreme ecosystem damage ex: florida everglades

36
Q

debt-for nature swap

A

richer countries or private organizations help pay debts of developing countries, in return the developing countries preserve natural areas

37
Q

ecotourism

A

tourism that supports the preservation of ecologically rich areas, and provides a living for local people

38
Q

urban ecology

A

study of biodiversity in densely populated areas

39
Q

estimate of # of species

A

2-100 millions~best guess now 10-14 million

40
Q

CO2 levels’ peak?

A

winter

41
Q

both types of acid rain

A

H2SO4-coal (eastern US)

HNO3-motor vehicals

42
Q

examples of saving an endangered species

A

1937-15 whooping cranes left
gov. regulated hunting and winter refuge sites (TX)
1967- captive breeding program started
2001- pilots lead migration route

Biology (12 decks)

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