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Question 1

what is CITES (bottom up)

Answer 1

convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora

protect 35000 different species

countries signed up agree to stop imports/exports of endangered species

Question 2

what is REDD (top down)

Answer 2

reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation

stops deforestation

UN monitor schemes by use of remote sensing and visits

Question 3

pros and cons of CITES

Answer 3

+ huge international influence, 181 countries signed

• difficult to enforce it
• protects species not ecosystems
• countries need to strategise and fund themselves

Question 4

pros and cons of REDD

Answer 4

+ lots of money available for projects
+ provides incentive for locals

• unclear what is meant by ‘forest’

Question 5

plant adaptions in tropical rainforests

Answer 5

waxy leaves with drip tips - rain runs off to not encourage mould/break leaf with weight

buttress roots - large roots support trees because roots are shallow

large leaf surface area on rainforest floor - maximises sunlight

smooth trunks and branches - encourages run off to prevent mould

tall and thin trunks - reach sunlight easily

Question 6

animal adaptions

Answer 6

camouflage from predators

bright colours to deter predators (sign of poison)

strong limbs and tails to help climb trees

Question 7

plant adaptions in taiga

Answer 7

needle shaped leaves - reduces water loss through transpiration

conical shaped trees - sheds heavy snow to prevents branches breaking under the weight

seeds in cones - protects seeds from cold

wide shallow roots - avoid frozen ground but wide enough to anchor them in strong winds

Question 8

animal adaptions in taiga

Answer 8

thickly oily fur - helps keep animals warm

hibernation/migration

large surface area feat - distributes weight to help move

summer and winter coats - for camouflage

Question 9

tropical rainforest climate

Answer 9

wet and warm climate all year round

Question 10

taiga climate

Answer 10

long cold winters, short wet summers, little precipitation

cold dry climate

Question 11

tropical rainforest nutrient cycle

Answer 11

big precipiation
big biomass store
medium soil store
small litter store

Question 12

taiga nutrient cycle

Answer 12

small precipitation
medium biomass store
small soil store
big litter store

Question 13

why is tropical rainforest nutrient cycle like that

Answer 13

plants grow all year so big biomass store
dead matter drops to the floor and decomposes quickly because ideal conditions so small litter store
lots of decomposition restore nutrients to store
constant precipitation leaches nutrients out of soil so smaller soil store

Question 14

why is taiga nutrient cycle like that

Answer 14

plants only grow for short time so small biomass store
only decomposition in summer so litter accumulates all year round so big litter store
soils thin, low in nutrients and acidic so again small biomass store

Question 15

3 classification of energy resources

Answer 15

renewable
non renewable
recyclable

Question 16

renewable energy

Answer 16

uses natural sources of energy

wind, water, solar, geothermal

Question 17

non renewable energy

Answer 17

finite resources that can’t be replenished

coal, oil, natural gas

Question 18

recyclable energy

Answer 18

using energy/resources that would have otherwise been thrown

biofuel, nuclear energy