geo paper 2 4a

Question 1

examples of igneous rock

Answer 1

granite

basalt

Question 2

examples of sedimentary rock

Answer 2

chalk

carboniferous limestone

sandstone

clay

Question 3

types of weathering

Answer 3

freeze-thaw
biological
chemical
physical/mechanical

Question 3

examples of metamorphic rock

Answer 3

schists

slates

marble

shale becomes slate, slate becomes schist

Question 4

characteristics of igneous rock

Answer 4

resistant to erosion
crystalline
hard
impermeable

granite landscapes are usually boggy and badly drained

Question 5

characteristics of metamorphic rock

Answer 5

layered
more faults to be more eroded
crystalline
very hard
impermeable

badly drained and boggy

Question 6

characteristics of sedimentary rock

Answer 6

less resistant
hard to very soft
some permeable, some not

limestone: caves and karst
chalk: dry valleys, gentle hills inland, steep cliffs at coast
clay: collapses easily wet slumping, gentle, wide landscapes, frequently waterlogged

Question 7

formation of igneous rock

Answer 7

forms from volcanic activity
cooled magma
molten rock crystallises as it cools which can produce sparkly quartz within the rock

Question 8

formation of metamorphic rock

Answer 8

sedimentary rocks close to tectonic activity
they’re formed under extreme pressure and temperature and compresses the rocks to create metamorphic rock

Question 8

formation of sedimentary rock

Answer 8

forms gradually over time as dead organic matter and eroded rocks are transported to sea

sediments deposited on the seafloor which accumulate and compress to create the rock

Question 9

where to find igneous rock

Answer 9

northern upland areas of UK

Question 10

where to find metamorphic rock

Answer 10

near any places where there was tectonic activity
(upland)

Question 11

where to find sedimentary rock

Answer 11

lowland UK
south, southeast, central UK

Question 12

escarpment rock explanation

Answer 12

limestone is harder than chalk
chalk is harder than clay and shales

limestone and chalk are strong and permeable

clay and shales are impermeable

Question 13

how is sediment moved

Answer 13

traction - rolling
saltation - bouncing
suspension
solution

Question 14

how is sediment eroded

Answer 14

hydraulic action
abrasion - rocks against river bed
solution
attrition - rocks collide against each other

Question 15

concordant vs discordant

Answer 15

discordant - bands of differing rock types, perpendicular to the coastline

concordant - same rock running parallel to the coastline

Question 16

integrated coastal zone management

Answer 16

do nothing
hold the line
advance the line
managed realignment

Question 17

how does the river changes from upstream to downstream

Answer 17

discharge, channel width, channel depth increases

average velocity, load quantity increases

load particle size, channel bed roughness, slope angle decreases

Question 18

physical fwk key hypothesis

Answer 18

decisions made about coastal management in Start Bay are appropriate

Question 19

physical fwk sub hypothesis

Answer 19

size of beach is bigger in the North
risk of flooding and erosion is highest in the South
most effective coastal management was sea walls, rip rap and beach replenishment

Question 20

physical fieldwork key concepts

Answer 20

1) LSD directs sediment to North, SE prevailing wind (from windrose)
2) level of risk determined by Zoopla data
3) geology maps

Question 21

physical fwk method/data presentation

Answer 21

1) beach profile, collection of line graphs
2) flood risk survey, table
3) cost benefit analysis, table

Question 22

physical fwk interpretation of data and whether proven

Answer 22

1) no, further north, gradient flatter (could be storms in N, beach replenishment in S)
2) all areas had a low flood risk, yes
3) Beesands, Torcross, Sunnydale all benefit outweigh costs, yes

Question 23

human fwk key hypothesis

Answer 23

quality of life is better in Chillington than Slapton

Question 23

human fwk sub hypothesis

Answer 23

1) Quality of environment better in Slapton 2) Service decline greatest in Slapton 3) Residents of Chillington have a more positive perception of their village

Question 24

human fwk method and presentation

Answer 24

1) tranquility index, table 2) service tally, bar chart 3) survey local people, epitome word cloud

Question 25

human fwk key concept

Answer 25

Chillington a key settlement on the A379, Slapton in the AONB

Question 26

human fwk interpretation of data and whether proven

Answer 26

1) proven 2) slapton seen bigger decrease, proven 3) slapton peaceful quiet, chillington community safe, slapton nothing, chillington noise, traffic, disproven