IT Unit 11 > 1.Learning Aim B3 > Flashcards

1.Learning Aim B3 Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

What is a protocol in networking?

A

A set of rules that manage communication between different computers on a network.

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2
Q

What are the two main protocols used to connect network devices over the internet?

A

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP).

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3
Q

What are the four layers of the TCP/IP model?

A
  • Application Layer
  • Transport Layer
  • Internet Layer
  • Network Interface Layer
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4
Q

What does the Application Layer do in the TCP/IP model?

A

It directly interfaces with application software and passes data to the transport layer.

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5
Q

What is the function of the Transport Layer in the TCP/IP model?

A

It uses TCP to split data into packets and attach headers for delivery.

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6
Q

What information does the header of a TCP packet contain?

A
  • Sender/recipient ports
  • Packet order information
  • Checksum for error detection
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7
Q

What is the purpose of the Internet Layer in the TCP/IP model?

A

It formats packets into IP datagrams and attaches origin and destination IP addresses.

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8
Q

What does the Network Interface Layer do?

A

It adds MAC addresses to packets and converts data for transport over physical cables.

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9
Q

True or False: Ports in networking are physical connections on a computer.

A

False.

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10
Q

What is a network port?

A

The endpoint of a network communication that identifies the application being used.

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11
Q

List some common network ports and their uses.

A
  • Port 80 - HTTP
  • Port 443 - HTTPS
  • Port 25 - SMTP
  • Port 143 - IMAP
  • Port 20/21 - FTP
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12
Q

What is a packet in networking?

A

A piece of data or message being sent across a network.

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13
Q

What are the two main sections of a TCP packet?

A
  • Header
  • Payload
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14
Q

What is packet switching?

A

A method where data is broken into packets that are sent independently over the network.

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15
Q

What is an IP address?

A

A string of numbers that uniquely identifies a computer on a network.

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16
Q

What is the format of an IPv4 address?

A

A 32-bit number expressed in dot-decimal notation (four decimal numbers between 0 and 255).

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17
Q

What are RFC 1918 private addresses?

A
  • 0.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255
  • 16.0.0.0 – 172.31.255.255
  • 168.0.0.0 – 192.168.255.255
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18
Q

What is the significance of Network Address Translation (NAT)?

A

It converts private IP addresses into a public gateway IP address for external communication.

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19
Q

What is the format of an IPv6 address?

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A

A 128-bit number represented as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons.

20
Q

What is a domain in networking?

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A

A group of workstations, printers, network devices, servers, and users that share data.

21
Q

What is the role of a Domain Controller?

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A

It manages user authentication and domain policies.

22
Q

What are subdomains?

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A

Child domains that allow semi-autonomous control within a larger network structure.

23
Q

What is network segmentation?

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A

The process of splitting a large network into multiple subnetworks.

24
Q

List the advantages of network segmentation.

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A
  • Performance - reduces network traffic
  • Security - limits access to specific segments
25
What is the function of the Domain Name System (DNS)?
It translates domain names into IP addresses.
26
What are Directory Services (DS)?
Services used to organize information on network objects for centralized administration.
27
Name some common directory services.
* Active Directory * Open Directory * OpenLDAP
28
What is the purpose of Authentication Services?
To provide username/password login authentication to prevent unauthorized access.
29
What does Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) do?
Automatically assigns IP addresses to devices connected to a network.
30
True or False: DHCP can help prevent IP address clashes.
True.
31
What does DHCP stand for?
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol ## Footnote DHCP is used to automatically assign IP addresses to devices connected to a network.
32
What is the role of a DHCP server?
To issue IP addresses to devices on a network ## Footnote In small networks, this is often the router, while larger networks may have a dedicated computer as the DHCP server.
33
What is a benefit of dynamically assigning IP addresses?
Prevents clashes in IP addresses ## Footnote Dynamic assignment allows IP addresses to be reused on different devices as they connect and disconnect.
34
What is routing?
The process of directing data packets between multiple networks ## Footnote Routing ensures data packets reach their final destination.
35
What are routing tables used for?
To maintain information about destinations and gateways ## Footnote Each router has a routing table that helps direct data packets.
36
What does a remote access server do?
Provides access to a network from outside the organization ## Footnote Users must authenticate to access network resources through remote access services.
37
What features do remote access services often include?
VPN features ## Footnote VPN connections help ensure data privacy between client devices and remote access servers.
38
What is the main purpose of a network?
To access services and resources for clients ## Footnote This is achieved through various types of servers.
39
What function do file servers serve?
Centralized storage and management of files ## Footnote File servers allow clients to access files over a network.
40
How do print servers operate?
They provide access to printers for client devices ## Footnote Print servers manage print jobs and queues for multiple users.
41
What is the role of web servers?
Storage and access of web pages and related files ## Footnote All websites are hosted on web servers.
42
How do mail servers function?
They enable sending and receiving emails over a network ## Footnote Emails are transferred to outgoing mail servers before reaching recipients.
43
What is the purpose of communication servers?
To provide internet access to all clients on a network ## Footnote Communication servers act as public gateways for the network.
44
Fill in the blank: DNS is used to translate _______.
domain names into IP addresses
45
What do directory services organize?
Information on network objects such as users and computers
46
What do authentication services provide?
Username/password login authentication ## Footnote This is based on details in directory services on a domain controller.
IT Unit 11
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