1S [LEC]: Leukocyte Development & Kinetics

Question 1

WBC: Basic protein granules that stain with acid stain

Answer 1

Eosinophil

Question 2

WBC: Granules react with both acid and basic stains: pink to lavender color

Answer 2

Neutrophil

Question 3

WBC: Acidic granules that stain with basic stain

Answer 3

Basophil

Question 4

The three pools of developing neutrophils in the bone marrow

Answer 4

Stem Cell
Proliferation (mitotic)
Maturation (storage)

Question 5

HSCs, CMPs, and GMPs can be identified through the detection by ___

Answer 5

flow cytometry

Question 6

Identify the pool:

Cells undergoing nuclear maturation that form the marrow reserve and available for release

Answer 6

Maturation (storage) pool

Question 7

Identify the stage in leukocyte development:

15-20 um in diameter, has an N:C ratio of 8:1-4:1

Answer 7

Myeloblast

Question 8

Identify the stage in leukocyte development:

Has fine nuclear chromatin with 2-5 visible nucleoli

Answer 8

Myeloblast (type I)

Question 9

Identify the stage in leukocyte development:

Has a slightly basophilic cytoplasm with no visible granules

Answer 9

Myeloblast (type I)

Question 10

Identify the stage in leukocyte development:

Can have the presence of dispersed primary granules, up to 20 per cell

Answer 10

Myeloblast (type II)

Question 11

Type II and type III myeloblasts are often referred to as ___

Answer 11

Granular blasts

Question 12

Identify the stage in leukocyte development:

Has an N:C ratio of 3:1, 16-26 um in diameter

Answer 12

Promyelocyte

Question 13

Identify the stage in leukocyte development:

Has round to oval nucleus that is often eccentric with fine chromatin

Answer 13

Promyelocyte

Question 14

Identify the stage in leukocyte development:

Has a basophilic cytoplasm with more than 20 primary granules present

Answer 14

Promyelocyte

Question 15

T/F: In promyelocyte, the nucleoli may be obscured by the granules

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Identify the stage in leukocyte development:

Has an N:C ratio of 2:1 and a diameter of 12-18 um

Answer 16

Myelocyte

Question 17

Identify the stage in leukocyte development:

Final stage capable of cell division or mitosis

Answer 17

Myelocyte

Question 18

Identify the stage in leukocyte development:

Has a round to oval nucleus that is often eccentric and has a coarse and condensed chromatin with no visible nucleoli

Answer 18

Myelocyte

Question 19

Identify the stage in leukocyte development:

Presence of Hof or paranuclear halo and full or primary granules

Answer 19

Promyelocyte

Question 20

Identify the stage in leukocyte development:

Production of primary granules ceases wherein they are less visible

Answer 20

Myelocyte

Question 21

Identify the stage in leukocyte development:

Begins the production of secondary or specific granules

Answer 21

Myelocyte

Question 22

Identify the stage in leukocyte development:

Dawn of neutrophilia

Answer 22

Myelocyte

Question 23

Identify the stage in leukocyte development:

Has an indented nucleus that is often kidney bean or peanut in shape

Answer 23

Metamyelocyte

Question 24

Identify the stage in leukocyte development:

With very clumped chromatin and absent nucleoli

Answer 24

Metamyelocyte

Question 25

Identify the stage in leukocyte development: Start of the synthesis of tertiary or gelatinase granules

Answer 25

Metamyelocyte

Question 26

Identify the stage in leukocyte development: Has an indentation of >50%, abundant secondary granules, and continued formation of tertiary granules

Answer 26

Band neutrophil

Question 27

Identify the stage in leukocyte development: Begin the formation of secretory granules

Answer 27

Band neutrophil

Question 28

T/F: In both pediatric and adult patients, neutrophil has the highest percentage in their peripheral blood

Answer 28

False (in pediatrics, lymphocyte has the highest count)

Question 29

Identify the neutrophil granule: Myeloperoxidase

Answer 29

Primary

Question 30

Identify the neutrophil granule: Acid-B-glyceryophosphatase

Answer 30

Primary

Question 31

Identify the neutrophil granule: Cathepsins

Answer 31

Primary

Question 32

Identify the neutrophil granule: Defensins

Answer 32

Primary

Question 33

Identify the neutrophil granule: Elastase

Answer 33

Primary

Question 34

Identify the neutrophil granule: Proteinase-3

Answer 34

Primary

Question 35

Identify the neutrophil granule: B2-Microglobulin

Answer 35

Secondary/ Tertiary

Question 36

Identify the neutrophil granule: Collagenase

Answer 36

Secondary/ Tertiary

Question 37

Identify the neutrophil granule: Gelatinase

Answer 37

Secondary/ Tertiary

Question 38

Identify the neutrophil granule: Lactoferrin

Answer 38

Secondary

Question 39

Identify the neutrophil granule: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin

Answer 39

Secondary

Question 40

Identify the neutrophil granule: Transcobalamin

Answer 40

Secondary

Question 41

Identify the neutrophil granule: Lysozyme

Answer 41

Tertiary

Question 42

Identify the neutrophil granule: Acetyltransferase

Answer 42

Tertiary

Question 43

Identify the neutrophil granule: CD11b/ CD18

Answer 43

Secretory

Question 44

Identify the neutrophil granule: Alkaline phosphatase

Answer 44

Secretory

Question 45

Identify the neutrophil granule: Vesicle-associated membrane-2

Answer 45

Secretory

Question 46

Identify the neutrophil granule: CD10, CD13, CD14, CD16

Answer 46

Secretory

Question 47

Identify the neutrophil granule: Cytochrome b588

Answer 47

Secretory

Question 48

Identify the neutrophil granule: Complement 1q receptor

Answer 48

Secretory

Question 49

Identify the neutrophil granule: Complement receptor-1

Answer 49

Secretory

Question 50

In neutrophil, what is the transit time from myeloblast to myelocyte?

Answer 50

6 days

Question 51

In neutrophil, what is the transit time in maturation pool?

Answer 51

4-6 days

Question 52

What is the half-life of neutrophils?

Answer 52

7 hours

Question 53

Inflammation and infection responded by ___ and ___ prolong the neutrophil's life span

Answer 53

Mcl-1 Myeloperoxidase

Question 54

Identify the neutrophil extravasation step: Adhesion of neutrophil selectins such as Sialyl-Lewis X to P-selectins and E-selectins

Answer 54

Rolling

Question 55

Identify the neutrophil extravasation step: Contact between intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and integrins, macrophage-1 antigen (MAC-1)

Answer 55

Adhesion

Question 56

Identify the neutrophil extravasation step: Involvement of PECAM-1 (CD31)

Answer 56

Transmigration/ Diapedesis

Question 57

In the oxygen dependent phagocytosis, this converts oxygen to reactive oxygen species

Answer 57

NADPH oxidase

Question 58

A condition where there is a deficiency in NADPH oxidase, causing an increased risk to infections

Answer 58

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

Question 59

In the oxygen independent phagocytosis, this activates the enzymes and granules of the neutrophil

Answer 59

Changing of pH to alkaline then neutral

Question 60

The most important cytokine that aids in eosinophil proliferation and differentiation

Answer 60

IL-5 (IL-33 also plays a role)

Question 61

Eosinophilic promyelocyte can be identified cytochemically because of the presence of ___ in their primary granules

Answer 61

Charcot-Leyden Crystals

Question 62

In eosinophil and metamyelocyte bands, electron microscopy aids in the visualization of which two organelles?

Answer 62

Lipid bodies Small granules

Question 63

Half-life of eosinophils

Answer 63

18 hours

Question 64

Transit time of eosinophils in maturation pool

Answer 64

3.5 days

Question 65

T/F: Half-life of eosinophil shortens with eosinophilia

Answer 65

False (it is prolonged)

Question 66

Survival time of eosinophils in human tissues

Answer 66

2-5 days

Question 67

Half-life of basophils

Answer 67

60 hours

Question 68

Important cytokines in basophil development

Answer 68

IL-3 TSLP (thymic stromal lymphopoietin)

Question 69

WBC that has no storage pool of mature cell in the bone marrow

Answer 69

Monocyte

Question 70

The marginal pool of monocytes is ___ times the circulating pool

Answer 70

3.5

Question 71

Monocytes remain in the circulation for ___ days

Answer 71

3

Question 72

Neutrophils and monocytes are direct descendants of a common progenitor known as ___

Answer 72

GMP

Question 73

The stage in neutrophilic development in which the nucleus is indented in a kidney bean shape and the cytoplasm has secondary granules that are lavender in color

Answer 73

Metamyelocyte

Question 74

Characterized by the presence of fewer than 20 primary granules per cell

Answer 74

Type II Myeloblasts

Question 75

Which one of the following is a function of neutrophils? a. Presentation of antigen to T and B lymphocytes b. Protection against reexposure by same antigen c. Nonspecific destruction of foreign organisms d. Initiation of delayed hypersensitivity response

Answer 75

C

Question 76

Which of the following cells are important in immune regulation, allergic inflammation, and destruction of tissue invading helminths? a. Neutrophils and monocytes b. T and B lymphocytes c. Eosinophils and basophils d. Macrophages and dendritic cells

Answer 76

C

Question 77

Basophils and mast cells have high-affinity surface receptors for which immunoglobulin? a. A b. D c. E d. G

Answer 77

C

Question 78

Which of the following cell types is capable of differentiating into osteoclasts, macrophages, or dendritic cells? a. Neutrophil b. Lymphocyte c. Monocyte d. Eosinophil

Answer 78

C

Question 79

Macrophages aid in adaptive immunity by: a. Degrading antigen and presenting it to lymphocytes b. Ingesting and digesting organisms that neutrophils cannot c. Synthesizing complement components d. Storing iron from senescent red cells

Answer 79

A

Question 80

Which of the following is the final stage of B-cell maturation after activation by antigen? a. Large, granular lymphocyte b. Plasma cell c. Reactive lymphocyte d. Immunoblast

Answer 80

B

Question 81

The following is unique to both B and T lymphocytes and occurs during their early development: a. Expression of surface antigens CD4 and CD8 b. Maturation in the thymus c. Synthesis of immunoglobulins d. Rearrangement of antigen receptor genes

Answer 81

D

Question 82

The most frequent leukocytes found in peripheral blood are ___

Answer 82

Neutrophil

Question 83

The function of the entire leukocytic system is to a. Defend the body against disease b. Synthesis of antibodies c. Protect against allergic reactions d. Secrete enzymes

Answer 83

A

Question 84

The granulocyte cells that are believed to descend from a common multipotential stem cell in the bone marrow are a. Neutrophils and eosinophils b. Basophils and lymphocytes c. Lymphocytes and monocytes d. Both A and B

Answer 84

A

Question 85

The types of granulocytic leukocytes found in the proliferative compartment of the bone marrow are a. Myeloblasts, myelocytes, metamyelocytes b. Myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes c. Myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes d. Myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes, band neutrophils

Answer 85

C

Question 86

Marginating granulocytes in the peripheral blood can be found a. In the circulating pool b. In the tissues c. Adhering to the vascular endothelium d. All of the above

Answer 86

C

Question 87

The half-life of circulating granulocytes in normal blood is estimated to be a. 2.5-5 hours b. 7-10 hours c. 24 hours d. 2 days

Answer 87

B

Question 88

Identify the stage of granulocyte maturation: Prominent primary granules that are rich in myeloperoxidase and chloroacetate esterase and have a diameter of 14-20 um

Answer 88

Promyelocyte

Question 89

Identify the stage of granulocyte maturation: The earliest in which secondary or specific granules appear

Answer 89

Myelocyte

Question 90

Which of the following are contents of basophilic granules? a. Heparin b. Histamine c. Myeloperoxidase d. Both A and B

Answer 90

D