2. Anatomy of Circulation I (HARC) Flashcards
(75 cards)
1
Q
what is the name of the CENTRAL compartment of the THORACIC CAVITY
A
MEDIASTINUM
2
Q
what make the LATERAL BOUNDARIES of the MEDIASTINUM
A
RIGHT and LEFT PLEURAL CAVITIES (between visceral and parietal pleura - surround lungs)
3
Q
what makes the ANTERIOR BOUNDARY of the MEDIASTINUM
A
STERNUM
4
Q
what makes the POSTERIOR BOUNDARY of the MEDIASTINUM
A
VERTEBRAL BODIES
5
Q
what makes the SUPERIOR BOUNDARY of the MEDIASTINUM
A
SUPERIOR THORACIC APERTURUE (opening)
6
Q
what makes the INFERIOR BOUNDARY of the MEDIASTINUM
A
DIAPHRAGM
7
Q
where is the MEDIASTINUM DIVIDED into SUPERIOR and INFERIOR MEDIASTINUM
A
in STERNAL PLANE
- STERNAL ANGLE (angle of louis/manubriosternal joint)
8
Q
INFERIOR MEDIASTINUM is SUBDIVIDED by the PERICARDIUM into:
A
- ANTERIOR MEDIASTINUM
- MIDDLE MEDIASTINUM
- POSTERIOR MEDIASTINUM
(in relation to pericardium)
9
Q
CONTENTS of ANTERIOR MEDIASTINUM
(bounded by sternum and pericardium)
A
THYMUS GLAND
10
Q
CONTENTS of MIDDLE MEDIASTINUM
(bounded by pericardium)
A
- PERICARDIUM
- HEART
- ORIGIN of GREAT VESSELS ie Aorta
11
Q
CONTENTS of POSTERIOR MEDIASTINUM
(bound by pericardium and diaphragm, and by vertebral bodies posteriorly)
A
- THORACIC (DESCENDING) AORTA
- OESOPHAGUS
12
Q
some CONTENTS of SUPERIOR MEDIASTINUM
A
- ARCH OF AORTA
- SVC
- TRACHEA
- OESOPHAGUS
- THYMUS
13
Q
DESCENDING AORTA is found in the …. MEDIASTINUM
A
POSTERIOR
(INFERIOR)
14
Q
HEART is found in the … MEDIASTINUM
A
MIDDLE
(INFERIOR)
15
Q
what are the 2 parts of the PERICARDIUM
A
- OUTER FIBROUS Pericardium
- INNER SEROUS Pericardium
16
Q
roles of FIBROUS PERICARDIUM (outer)
A
tough outer layer
- PREVENTS OVERFILLING of HEART (physical limit of heart size)
- FIXES the HEART in POSITION in the MEDIASTINUM VIA ATTACHMENTS to surrounding structures
17
Q
which which ATTACHMENTS to FIBROUS PERICARDIUM is HEART kept in place
A
- PERICARDIOPHRENIC LIGAMENTS
to central DIAPHRAGM - STERNOPERICARDIAL LIGAMENTS
anteriorly to the deep surface of STERNUM - TUNICA ADVENTITIA of GREAT VESSELS
(continuity of the pericardium with adventitia of great vessels)
18
Q
SEROUS PERICARDIUM (INNER) is THINNER with which 2 parts:
A
PARIETAL and VISCERAL LAYERS
parietal - lining INNER surface
visceral - stuck to heart
19
Q
what is BETWEEN the PARIETAL and VISCERAL LAYERS of the SEROUS PERICARDIUM
A
PERICARDIAL CAVITY
20
Q
what does PERICARDIAL CAVITY contain and why
A
LUBRICATING SERPUS FLUID
- MINIMISES FRICTION for MOVEMENT of the HEART during CONTRACTION
21
Q
SURFACES of the HEART:
A
- RIGHT and LEFT PULMONARY surfaces
- STERNOCOSTAL SURFACE (anterior)
- DIAPHRAGMATIC SURFACE (inferior)
- BASE (posterior)
- APEX
22
Q
name for the INFERIOR SURFACE of the HEART
A
DIAPHRAGMATIC SURFACE
-where heart sits on diaphragm
23
Q
name of ANTERIOR SURFACE of the HEART
A
STERNOCOSTAL SURFACE
24
Q
name of POSTERIOR SURFACE of the HEART
A
BASE
25
Openings for the SVC, IVC and CORONARY SINUS returning blood are found where
in the RIGHT ATRIUM
26
name of the CONE-SHAPED POUCH that overlies the ROOT of the AORTA on the RIGHT ATRIUM
RIGHT AURICLE
27
SMOOTH WALLED region of RIGHT ATRIUM is called
SINUS VENARUM
28
REMNANT of the Embryological FORAMEN OVALE is found where and what is it called
in RIGHT ATRIUM
- FOSSA OVALIS
29
MUSCULAR RIDGES on ATRIAL WALL (anterior to crista terminalis) is called
MUSCULI PECTINATI
30
MUSCULAR RIDGE that separates the muscular and smooth portions of the RIGHT ATRIUM, extending between openings of SVC and IVC is called
CRISTA TERMINALIS
31
what PREVENTS BACKFLOW of BLOOD from the PULMONARY TRUNK (back intro RIGHT VENTRICLE)
PULMONARY VALVE with 3 semi-lunar CUSPS (Anterior, Right, Left)
as blood recoils back down it FILLS SINUSES and
CUSPS SNAP SHUT
32
MUSCULAR, IRREGULAR STRUCTURES on the VENTRICULAR WALLS are called
TRABECULAE CARNEAE
33
name of the OUTFLOW TRACT of the RIGHT VENTRICLE leading to the Pulmonary Trunk (smooth walled)
INFINDIBULUM
34
MUSCLES found in the RIGHT VENTRICLE
PAPILLARY MUSCLES
3 types:
- Septal
- Anterior
- Posterior
35
what is found at the RIGHT ATRIOVENTRICULAR ORIFICE to PREVENT BACKFLOW
TRICUSPID VALVE
with 3 cusps : Septal, Anterior & Posterior
36
what is found at the LEFT ATRIOVENTRICULAR ORIFICE to PREVENT BACKFLOW
BICUSPID / MITRAL VALVE
with 2 cusps: Anterior & Posterior
37
how are the CUSPS of the TRICUSPID or BICUSPID VALVES CONNECTED to the PAPILLARY MUSCLES to help them shut
by CHORDAE TENDINEAE
38
name of the SPECIALISED TRABECULUM forming a BRIDGE between the INTERVENTRICULAR WALL and the BASE of the ANTERIOR PAPILLARY MUSCLE
- RIGHT VENTRICLE
SEPTOMARGINAL TRABECULA
39
in VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION, what causes the ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE to SHUT (tricuspid/bicuspid) to PREVENT BACKFLOW from atria, although blood pressure acts against the inverted cusps (upwards)
PAPILLARY MUSCLES CONTRACT
CHORDAE TENDINEAE are TENSED
- attachment to the chordae tendineae prevents the cusps being everted into the atrium
40
SMALL MUSCULAR POUCH containing MUSCULI PECTINATI on the LEFT ATRIUM is called
LEFT AURICLE
41
BLOOD enters VENTRICLE from ATRI VIA..
RIGHT/LEFT ATRIOVENTRICULAR ORIFICE
42
OPENINGS for .... are found in the LEFT ATRIUM
4 PULMONARY VEINS
(left and right superior/inferior)
43
on the OPPOSING side of the FOSSA OVALIS (right atrium) what is found in the LEFT ATRIUM
VALVE of FORMAEN OVALE
(prevented blood passing from left to right atrium in development)
44
how many PAPILLARY MUSCLES in the LEFT VENTRICLE
2
- Anterior & Posterior
for 2 Cusps (Bicuspid valvle)
45
VALVE that PREVENTS BACKFLOW as BLOOD passes out of the LEFT VENTRICLE
AORTIC VALVE
- 3 SEMI-LUNAR CUSPS
right, left, posterior
46
BACKFLOW of BLOOD in the Aorta CLOSES the AORTIC VALVE and what subsequently happens
BLOOD FILLS CORONARY ARTERIES (supply the heart)
- arising from left and right aortic sinuses
47
SEPTOMARGINAL TRABECULA is found where in the heart
RIGHT VENTRICLE
48
in which chamber of the heart is the INFINDIBULUM
RIGHT VENTRICLE
49
SEPTOMARGINAL TRABECULA CONNECTS the INTERVENTRICULAR WALL to...
the BASE of the ANTERIOR PAPILLARY MUSCLE
50
where is the REMNANT of the FORAMEN OVALE found
RIGHT ATRIUM (fossa ovalis)
51
name of SULCUS SEPARATING ATRIA and VENTRICLES
CORONARY SULCUS
52
name of SULCUS SEPARATING VENTRICLES on the STERNOCOSTAL SURFACE
ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR GROOVE / SULCUS
53
name of the SULCUS SEPARATING VENTRICLES on the DIAPHRAGMATIC SURFACE
POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR GROOVE / SULCUS
54
where does the RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY ORIGINATE from
RIGHT AORTIC SINUS
55
where is the RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY
follows the CORONARY SULCUS
56
BRANCHES of the RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY
SINU-ATRIAL BRANCH
POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR BRANCH
(in posterior interventricular sulcus)
RIGHT MARGINAL BRANCH (inferior margin)
57
what does the RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY SUPPLY
- RIGHT ATRIUM and MOST RIGHT VENTRICLE
- DIAPHRAGMATIC part of LEFT VENTRICLE
- POSTERIOR 1/3 of INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM
- SINU-ATRIAL (60% people) and ATRIO-VENTRICULAR NODES (80-90%)
58
where does the LEFT ARTERY ORIGINATE from
from LEFT AORTIC SINUS
59
where does the LEFT CORONARY ARTERY pass
between the PULMONARY TRUNK and LEFT AURICLE
60
BRANCHES of the LEFT CORONARY ARTERY
- CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY
(coronary sulcus)
-> gives rise to LEFT MARGINAL BRANCH
- ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICUALR BRANCH
(in anterior interventricular sulcus)
-> gives rise to DIAGONAL BRANCH
61
what does the LEFT CORONARY ARTERY SUPPLY
- LEFT ATRIUM and MOST LEFT VENTRICLE
- PARTIALLY RIGHT VENTRICLE
- ANTERIOR 2/3 INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM
- AV BUNDLE
- sinu-atrial node (in 40%) and AV node (in 10-20%)
62
what supplies the POSTERIOR 1/3 of INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM
RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY
63
what supplies the AV BUNDLE
LEFT CORONARY ARTERY
64
CIRCUMFLEX is a BRANCH of which CORONARY ARTERY
LEFT CORONARY ARTERY
65
ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR is a BRANCH of which CORONARY ARTERY
LEFT CORONARY ARTERY
66
POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR is a BRANCH of which CORONARY ARTERY
RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY
67
RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY supplies which part of the LEFT VENTRICLE
DIAPHRAGMATIC part
68
DIAGONAL BRANCH arises from..
ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR BRANCH
of LEFT CORONARY ARTERY
69
how much of the INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM does the LEFT CORONARY ARTERY supply
ANTERIOR 2/3rd
70
CORONARY VEINS
- CORONARY SINUS (posterior)
- GREAT CARDIAC VEIN (alongside anterior interventricular artery in anterior interventricular groove)
- POSTERIOR CARDIAC VEIN
- MIDDLE CARDIAC VEIN (alongside posterior interventricular artery in posterior interventricular septum)
- SMALL CARDIAC VEIN (alongside right coronary artery)
- RIGHT MARGINAL VEIN
- ANTERIOR VEINS of RIGHT VENTRICLE
71
GREAT CARDIAC VEIN ENLARGES to form ...
CORONARY SINUS
72
CORONARY/CARDIAC VEINS DRAIN into..
CORONARY SINUS
(returns to RIGHT ATRIUM)
73
which VEIN runs ALONGSIDE the ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR ARTERY
GREAT CARDIAC VEIN
74
which VEIN runs ALONGSIDE the POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR ARTERY
MIDDLE CARDIAC VEIN
75
which VEIN runs ALONGSIDE the RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY
SMALL CARDIAC VEIN
