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Cardiovascular > 8. Anatomy of Circulation II - conduction system and peripheral vessels (HARC) > Flashcards

8. Anatomy of Circulation II - conduction system and peripheral vessels (HARC) Flashcards

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1
Q

4 parts of CONDUCTION SYSTEM

A
  1. SINU-ATRIAL NODE
  2. ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE
  3. ATRIOVENTRICULAR BUNDLE (RIGHT and LEFT BRANCHES)
  4. SUBENDOCARDIAL PLEXUS of CONDUCTION CELLS (PURKINJE FIBRES)
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2
Q

where is the SAN (cardiac pacemaker)

A

at the SUPERIOR END of CRISTA TERMINALIS
at the JUNCTION of the SVC and RIGHT ATRIUM

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3
Q

where is the AV NODE found

A

in the ATRIOVENTRICULAR SEPTUM - TRIANGLE OF KOCH

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4
Q

AV NODE is located in the ATRIOVENTRICULAR SEPTUM in the region known as the…

A

TRIANGLE OF KOCH

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5
Q

BOUNDARIES of the TRIANGLE OF KOCH

A
  • SEPTAL CUSP of the TRICUSPID VALVE
  • OPENING of the CORONARY SINUS
  • TENDON OF TODARO
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6
Q

AV NODE found where in the TRIANGLE OF KOCH

A

APEX

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7
Q

which CUSP of the TRICUSPID VALVE is a boundary of the TRIANGLE OF KOCH

A

SEPTAL CUSP

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8
Q

ATRIOVENTRICULAR BUNDLE aka BUNDLE OF HIS is a direct CONTINUATION of the…

A

AV NODE

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9
Q

ATRIOVENTRICULAR BUNDLE (BUNDLE of HIS) follows along the LOWER BORDER of the …. before splitting into left and right branches

A

MEMBRANOUS PART of the INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM

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10
Q

BUNDLE BRANCHES from the ATRIOVENTRICULAR BRANCH conduct the IMPULSE to the…

A

PURKINJE FIBRES of right and left ventricles

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11
Q

Boundary of TRIANGLE OF KOCH is the TENDON OF…

A

TODARO

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12
Q

the LEFT BUNDLE BRANCH continues along the left side of the MUSCULAR INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM towards the APEX of the LEFT VENTRICLE

  • gives off branches that eventually become continuous with the…
A

PURKINJE FIBRES

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13
Q

the RIGHT BUNDLE BRANCH continues along the right side of the INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM towards the APEX of the right ventricle.

how does it reach the BASE of the ANTERIOR PAPILLARY MUSCLE? (via..)

A

By entering the SEPTOMARGINAL TRABECULA to reach the base of the anterior papillary muscle

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14
Q

where does the RIGHT BUNDLE BRANCH divide and become continuous with the PURKINJE FIBRES

A

at the BASE of the ANTERIOR PAPILLARY MUSCLE

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15
Q

what is the benefit of the RIGHT BUNDLE BRANCH entering the SEPTOMARGINAL TRABECULA in order to reach the Base of the ANTERIOR PAPILLARY MUSCLE (shortcut)

A

ensures EQUAL CONDUCTION TIME in the LEFT and RIGHT VENTRICLES
- for COORDINATED CONTRACTION of anterior papillary muscle

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16
Q

what is the SUBENDOCARDIAL PLEXUS OF CONDUCTION CELLS

A

the PURKINJE FIBRES

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17
Q

where are the PURKINJE FIBRES LOCATED in the VENTRICLES

A

in the SUBENDOCARDIAL SURFACE of ventricular WALLS

  • TERMINATE at the MYOCARDIAL CELLS
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18
Q

PURKINJE FIBRES are ABUNDANT with.. and have EXTENSIVE…

A

abundant with GLYCOGEN

have EXTENSIVE GAP JUNCTIONS

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19
Q

what do EXTENSIVE GAP JUNCTIONS of the PURKINJE FIBRES allow

A

to RAPIDLY TRANSMIT ACTION POTENTIALS from AV BUNDLE to MYOCARDIUM of VENTRICLES

  • rapid conduction allows co-ordinated ventricular contraction
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20
Q

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM influences:

A
  • HEART RATE
  • FORCE of CONTRACTION
  • CARDIAC OUTPUT
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21
Q

branches from both the PARASYMPATHETIC and SYMPATHETIC systems contribute to the…

A

CARDIAC PLEXUS

  • Superficial part of cardiac plexus is between the aortic arch and pulmonary trunk
  • Deeper part is between the aortic arch and trachea bifurcation

branches affect nodal tissue and other components of the conduction system, coronary blood vessels and atria and ventricular musculature

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22
Q

AFFECT of SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

INCREASES FIRING RATE of SAN

  • INCREASES HEART RATE
  • INCREASES FORCE of Contraction
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23
Q

SYMPATHETIC FIBRES reach the CARDIAC PLEXUS though which nerves

A

CARDIAC NERVES from the SYMPATHETIC TRUNK

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24
Q

AFFECT of PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

A
  • DECREASES HEART RATE
  • REDUCES FORCE of CONTRACTION

& CONSTRICTS CORONARY ARTERIES

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25
PARASYMPATHETIC FIBRES reach the HEART AS CARDIAC BRANCHES from which nerve
RIGHT & LEFT VAGUS NERVES
26
VISCERAL AFFERENT FIBRES convey ... and ... FIBRES from the HEART
REFLEXIVE and NOCICEPTIVE fibres
27
VAGAL AFFERENTS associated with VAGAL CARDIAC NERVES (PARASYMPATHETIC) are primarily concerned with...
CARDIAC REFLEXES ie BLOOD PRESSURE, BLOOD CHEMISTRY
28
VAGAL AFFERENTS associated with CARDIAC NERVES FROM SYMPATHETIC TRUNKS (Sympathetic) conduct...
PAIN SENSATION FROM the HEART
29
where does patient PERCIEVE PAIN FROM HEART (in which Dermatomes)
T1-T4 (visceral sensory and somatic afferent nerves are both at t1-t4 so brain cannot distinguish between them)
30
which NERVOUS SYSTEM enables HEART PAIN SENSATION
SYMPATHETIC - CARDIAC NERVES FROM SYMPATHETIC TRUNKS
31
name the GREAT VESSELS
AORTA PULMONARY ARTERIES PULMONARY VEINS SUPERIOR VENA CAVA INFERIOR VENA CAVA
32
ASCENDING AORTA (transports oxygen rich blood from left ventricle) is contained within the PERICARDIAL SAC. It is one of the contents of the ... MEDIASTINUM
MIDDLE MEDIASTINUM
33
ASCENDING AORTA begins at the Aortic Orifice of the Left Ventricle, Ascends and MOVES TO THE... (right or left)
RIGHT
34
when is the ASCENDING AORTA known as the ARCH OF THE AORTA
at the level of the STERNAL PLANE as it enters the SUPERIOR MEDIASTINUM
35
BRANCHES of the ASCENDING AORTA:
LEFT & RIGHT CORONARY ARTERIES
36
in what DIRECTION does the ARCH OF THE AORTA arch?
POSTERIORLY and to the LEFT
37
THREE BRANCHES arise from the SUPERIOR BORDER of the ARCH OF THE AORTA:
- BRACIOCEPHALIC TRUNK (largest) - LEFT COMMON CAROTID ARTERY - LEFT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
38
what is the remnant found on the INFERIOR aspect of the ARCH OF THE AORTA
LIGAMENTUM ARTERIOSUS - Remnant of the DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS (connects pulmonary trunk to the arch to bypass lungs)
39
what are the branches of the BRACIOCEPHALIC TRUNK
- RIGHT COMMON CAROTID - RIGHT SUCLAVIAN
40
the DESCENDING AORTA is the Continuation of the ARCH OF AORTA at which level
at STERNAL PLANE - VERTEBRAL LEVEL T4
41
DESCENDING AORTA descends the Thorax in the ... MEDIASTINUM
POSTERIOR MEDIASTINUM
42
how does the DESCENDING AORTA move in relation to the VERTEBRAL BODIES
BEGINS to the LEFT of the Vertebral Bodies moves ANTERIOR to the Vertebral Bodies
43
at which level does the DESCENDING AORTA pass through the DIAPHRAPGM (through AORTIC HIATUS) to become the ABDOMINAL AORTA
T12
44
AORTA ARCHES POSTERIORLY and then to the right or left
LEFT
45
which vessel BEGINS as the MOST ANTERIOR of the GREAT VESSELS
PULMONARY TRUNK (venous blood from right ventricle to lungs)
46
as the PULMONARY TRUNK ASCENDS it MOVES ... and to the ... of the ASCENDING AORTA
POSTERIORLY and to the LEFT of the ASCENDING AORTA
47
PULMONARY TRUNK BIFURCATES in LEFT & RIGHT PULMONARY ARTERIES (to left and right lungs) at which VERTEBRAL LEVEL
T5
48
PULMONARY VEINS transport OXYGEN RICH blood from the Lungs to the LEFT ATRIUM. how many pulmonary veins do we have?
4 SUPERIOR LEFT & RIGHT INFERIOR LEFT & RIGHT
49
SUPERIOR VENA CAVA (SVC) transports VENOUS BLOOD FROM ... to the right atrium
HEAD, NECK, UPPER LIMBS and INTERCOSTAL VEINS (all structures superior to diaphragm except heart and lungs)
50
SCV is formed by the UNION of which VEINS
RIGHT & LEFT BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEINS
51
RIGHT & LEFT BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEINS form the SVC. braciocephalic veins are formed by the UNION of which VEINS
INTERNAL JUGULAR VEINS SUBCLAVIAN VEINS
52
does the SVC have VALVES
NO - VALVELESS - as blood flowing in direction of gravity (down)
53
SVC BEGINS POSTERIOR to the ... COSTAL CARTILAGE and DESCENDS until the ... COSTAL CARTILAGE
1ST RIGHT COSTAL CARTILAGE until the 3RD COSTAL CARTILAGE
54
INFERIOR VENA CAVA (IVC) transports VENOUS BLOOD FROM..
the ABDOMEN, PELVIS, LOWER LIMBS (region below diaphragm)
55
IVC passes through the CENTRAL TENDON / CAVAL HIATUS of the DIAPHRAGM at which VERTEBRAL LEVEL
T8 (vena cava = 8 oesophagus = 10 aortic hiatus = 12)
56
which PORTION of the IVC is SHORT
THORACIC PORTION - passes through the PERICARDIUM
57
does the IVC have VALVES
NO - VALVELESS as forward flow of blood to heart is driven by differential pressure created by normal pressure
58
Which part of the CARDIAC CONDUCTION SYSTEM PASSES through the SEPTOMARGINAL TRABECULA
RIGHT BUNDLE BRANCH
59
VISCERAL AFFERENT FIBRES associated with the VAGAL CARDIAC NERVES are concerned with....
CARDIAC REFLEXES
60
the RIGHT PULMONARY ARTERY passes POSTERIOR to which 2 VESSELS
ASCENDING AORTA & SVC
61
which part of the AORTA is within the MIDDLE MEDIASTINUM
ASCENDING AORTA
62
which part of the AORTA is within the POSTERIOR MEDIASTINUM
DESCENDING AORTA
63
the HEART is found in the ... MEDIASTINUM
MIDDLE MEDIASTINUM

Cardiovascular (16 decks)

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