6. Constituents of Blood and Oxygen Delivery Flashcards
(52 cards)
the PASSAGE of FLUID through the CIRCULATORY SYSTEM or LYMPHATIC System to an ORGAN or TISSUE,
usually referring to the DELIVERY OF BLOOD TO A CAPILLARY BED IN TISSUE is known as:
PERFUSION
(achieved by the heart providing sufficient cardiac output)
depending on size how much BLOOD do we have
4-6L
the PLASMA PORTION of BLOOD (60%) consists of:
(other 40% of blood is cells and platelets)
90% WATER
10 % DISSOLVED MATERIALS
- glucose, ions, salts, proteins, hormones, gases, ph buffer, waste
RED BLOOD CELLS
what do they carry?
where are they destroyed after 120 day lifespan?
how many in one drop of blood?
carry O2 and CO2
destroyed in the LIVER
(5 million in one drop of blood)
how do LEUKOCYTES (WHITE BLOOD CELLS) DIFFER to ERYTHROCYTES (RED BLOOD CELLS)
- LARGER
- have NUCLEUS
- NO HAEMOGLOBIN
- function in IMMUNE RESPONSE
What are the 5 TYPES of LEUKOCYTES
- NEUTROPHILS
squeeze through capillary walls into tissue fluid, phagocytosis - MACROPHAGES
release white blood cells growth factors causing a population increase for wbc - LYMPHOCYTES
fight infection - T CELLS
attack cells containing viruses - B CELLS
produce antibodies.
antigen-antibody complex phagocytosed by macrophage
which LEUKOCYTE RELEASES WHITE BLOOD CELL GROWTH FACTORS to increase the population number
MACROPHAGES
what do PLATELETS do
help STOP BLEADING
- stick to the opening of damaged blood vessesl, attract more and form a PLUG to SEAL BROKEN BLOOD VESSEL
PLATELETS SURVIVE for 10 days before they are REMOVED BY…
the LIVER and SPLEEN
what is the name for the inability to clot aka ‘bleeders disease’
Haemophillia
where are RED BLOOD CELLS and WHITE BLOOD CELLS MADE
BONE MARROW
RED: RED MARROW
WHITE: YELLOW MARROW
what classes as EXTERNAL RESPIRATION
PULMONARY VENTILATION & PULMONARY DIFFUSION
what classes as INTERNAL RESPIRATION
TRANSPORT TO/FROM TISSUE
CAPILLARY DIFFSUION and EXCHANGE
how do BRONCHIAL and VASCULAR TREES provide MAXIMUM SURFACE AREA for gas exchange
they are fundamentally LINKED to one another
what happens in INSPIRATION/INHALATION
ACTIVE PROCESS
- DIAPHRAGM FLATTENS (CONTRACTS)
- EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES CONTRACT
- VOLUME INCREASES, PRESSURE DECREASES
(Boyle’s law: pressure x volume = constant)
air moves IN
what happens in EXPIRATION/EXHALATION
PASSIVE process
- DIAPHRAGM RELAXES and recoils back up
- EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES RELAX
- VOLUME DECREASE, PRESSURE INCREASE
air moves OUT
when does EXPIRATION become an ACTIVE process
in HEAVY EXERCISE
- Internal intercostal muscles pull ribs back down to increase rate
BRONCHOCONSTRICTION is the activity of which nervous system
PARASYMPATHETIC activity
(or due to cold or allergens)
BRONCHODILATION is the activity of which nervous system
SYMPATHETIC activity
- adrenaline/noradrenaline
(Also exercise or B2-agonists ie salbutamol for asthmatics)
how is VASCULAR RESISTANCE and PRESSURE in the PULMONARY SYSTEM as opposed to circulatory system
LOWER RESISTANCE due to LOWER PRESSURE
(therefore have thinner smooth muscle layer in the wall of pulmonary vessels)
which LAW is the following:
‘TOTAL PRESSURES OF A MIXTURE OF GASES EQUALS THE SUM OF THE PARTIAL PRESSURES OF THE INDIVIDUAL GASES IN THAT MIXTURE’
DALTON’S LAW
which LAW states that
WHEN A MIXTURE OF GASES IS IN CONTACT WITH A LIQUID, EACH GAS WILL DISSOLVE IN THE LIQUID IN PROPORTION TO ITS PARTIAL PRESSURE.
the AMOUNT OF GAS THAT DISSLVES IN A LIQUID is also DEPENDENT UPON THE SOLUBILITY OF THE GAS AND THE TEMPERTATURE OF THE LIQUID
HENRY’S LAW
does Venous blood or Alveolar air have higher PCO2
Venous blood as some CO2 remains in blood (residual)
what CONSTRICT/DILATE to REGULATE AIR FLOW
BRONCHIOLES
