2 Exocrine Glands

Question 0

No. Of cells - unicellular?

Answer 0

Goblet cells use H&E OR PAS stain
Mucinogens (droplets stored in vesicles) + water = mucus 
Contain GAGs and Glycoproteins
Basal portion - Nucleus, RER, Golgi
Apical "" - Vesicles to be secreted

Question 1

6 steps of classification of exocrine glands?

Answer 1

No. Of cells - uni/multi cellular
Location - intra/extra mural
Shape of secretory portion
Branched secretory portion
Mode of secretion
Nature of secretion (only for merocrine glands)

Question 2

Where are unicellular glands located?

Answer 2

Intraepithelia

Question 3

Where are intramural glands located? And give 2 examples?

Answer 3

Within walls of hollow organ.

Mucosal and submucosal

Question 4

What are extramural glands?

Give 4 example

Answer 4

Duct from gland linked externally from hollow organ

Liver,pancreas, major salivary glands,gallbladder

Question 5

Extra epithelia, intrachorial definition? And 1 example

Answer 5

Located within CT
Stratified squamous epithelia. Basal cells cuboidal.
In lamina proporia of oesophagus.
Esophageal cardiac glands (EG)

Question 6

An example of multicellular intraepithelial gland?

Answer 6

Bulbourethral glands.

Question 7

Shape of secretory unit

Answer 7

Acinar - small lumen - serous - pyramidal shaped cells
Tubular - large lumen - mucous is viscous
Alveolar - largest lumen, irregular.

All cells columnar or cuboidal.

Question 8

Branching of secretory unit (3)

Answer 8

Simple - no branching. 1 conducting and secretory portion.
Branched - secretory duct branched. No branching of conducting duct
Compound - branched duct, contains more than one type of duct

Question 9

Mode of secretion (3)

Answer 9

Merocrine - secretory product(spstored in vesicles, release by exocytosis into lumen

Apocrine - small vesicles bud off PM. SP stored in apical portion in vesicles therefore lost to lumen

Holocrine - whole cell detach from BM. SP made of cells. Cell division, mitosis replaces cells. Eg Sebacous glands.

Question 10

Nature of secretion (3)

Answer 10

Serous - acinar - darker stain
Mucus - tubular - basal flat: nucleus
Mixed - serous and mucus lumen
- serous portion granuzzi demilune
- vesicles delivered by intercellular secretory canaliculus

Question 11

Myoepithelial cells (6)

Answer 11

basal portion of Secretory duct( SD), connect to BM via hemidesosomes
Contain actin, myosin, int filaments
Arise from ectoderm
Contract therefore allow SD to release mat.
Contraction-occurs via calmodulin mediation.

Mammary glands - oxytocin - contract in response
Lacrimal glands - acetylecholine - “”

Question 12

Myofibroblats

Answer 12

Arise from mesenchymal cells
Contain caldesmon, cytokeratins and vimentin
Actin and myosin in higher amounts compared to fibroblasts

May contract during wound healing.- reduce size of defect

Question 13

CT divides diff lobules of glands, more info?

Answer 13

Inter/intralobar
Inter/intralobular

Main, lobar, inter-intra lobar, striated, intercalated, acinus

Question 14

Typical features of a salivary gland?

Answer 14

High no of mito
Basal infolding
Ion channels

Question 15

What cell does acinar duct contain and example of where found?

Answer 15

Centroacinar.
Lumen of secretory duct
Pancreas exocrine gland.

Question 16

Parotid gland

Answer 16

Acinar, zymogen granules, serous

Question 17

Submadibular and palatine gland

Answer 17

Mixed tubuloacinar

Question 18

How to differentiate between endothelium of blood vessel and secretory duct

Answer 18

Cut at diff points, variation in shape of lumen if tubular exocrine gland.
Exocrine gland never squamous.

Question 19

How to distinguish between parotid gland and exocrine pancreatic gland?

Answer 19

Pancreas - centroacinar cell, islets of langerhans

Question 20

Small intestine different types of cells?

Answer 20

Goblet cells
Regenerative cells
Surface absorption cells
Enteroendocrine cells
Pareth cells - secrete lysozime - destroy bacteria

Question 21

Simple glands (3) and examples

Answer 21

Simple Alveolar - intraepithelia glands of nose and urethra mucosa

Simple acinar - small Sebacous glands

Simple tubular - crypts of lieberkaun, sweat grands (coiled and tubular), gastric glands (tubular)

Question 22

Branched (2 types)

Answer 22

Branched acinar - sebacous glands (large - stomach)

Branched tubular - pyloric gland (secrete gastin)

Pyloric gland simple tubular also

Question 23

Compound (3) glands

Answer 23

Compund alveolar - prostate, mammary gland

Compound acinar - exocrine pancrea, major salivary gland

Compound tubular - oesophageal cardiac gland (EG)

Question 24

What is epitheloid tissue?

Answer 24

Ressembles epithelia but not.
Eg epithelium downgrowth, proliferation. Loss of duct and connect to surface. Surrounded by capillaries. Become endocrine gland.

Eg parathyroid, adrenal, pituitary, thyroid, pineal, testes, ovary, pancreas.