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Histology > 2.5 Urinary System > Flashcards

2.5 Urinary System Flashcards

0
Q

Where does filtration of water and low molec substances occur?

A

Renal corpuscle

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1
Q

Function of urinary system (3)

A

Maintenance of water, electrocytes and acid/base of blood
Excretion of waste products
Hormonal: renin(control bp), erythropoietin(rbc), vit D(control calcium)

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2
Q

What does the renal corpuscle consist of?

A

Glomerus and bowman’s capsule

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3
Q

Where selective reabsorption of h2o and molecules except waste
And h+ secretion occur?

A

Tubule

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4
Q

From blood into tubules there is?

A

secretion of excretory products

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5
Q

Glomerular filtrate and urine production rates?

A

120ml / min

1ml / min

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6
Q

-The kidney is a …. Organ.
-Dimensions (l,w,t)
Surrounded by (2)

A

Parenchymous
12, 6.5, 3
Fibrous capsules, perinephric fat

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7
Q

Areas of kidney

A

Renal capsule, cortex, pyramids, sinus, papillae, major/minor calyces, renal pelvis. Renal columns

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8
Q

What is the cribiform area in the kidneys?

A

Opening of papillary ducts

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9
Q

Urinary tract (5)

A 
Major and minor calycyes
Pelvis
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra
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10
Q

Urethra in males and female

A

Males - organ of urinary + reproductive system

Females - short

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11
Q

Kidney main location (vetebrae) and position with respect to peritoneum?

A

T12-L3

Extra Peritoneal - surrounded by fascia and adipose (hilium of kidney)

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12
Q

Kidney function main (3)

A

Maintenance of water, electrolytes and acid/base homeostasis
Excretion of waste products (urea, uric acid)
Hormonal and met functions (3)

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13
Q

Kidney hormonal functions (3)

A

Renin - raas pathway
Erythropoietin - ++ rbc
Vit D - ca balance

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14
Q

Renal sinus contains?

A

Adipose tissue

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15
Q

How many pyramids and nephrons per kidney

A

8 and 1m

Nephron = functional unit

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16
Q

Nephron involved in?

A

Filtration of blood and modifying filtration (absorption and reabsorption)

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17
Q

Structure of kidney - weight, l, w, h and surrounded by?

A

150-170gr
12,6.5,3 cm
Fibrous capsule - surrounded by perinephric fat

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18
Q

Structure and vascularisation of kidney tightly related

A

Aorta - renal arteries - 5x segmental art- interlobar art - interlobular art - arcuate art
Interlobular art -> afferent art -> glomerus -> efferent arteriole

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19
Q

Surface of kidney..

During pathological situation color….

A

Smooth.

Dark

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20
Q

Cortex and percentage of nephrons?

A

95%

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21
Q

Renal lobe contains

A

Cortex and medulla

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22
Q

Renal lobule also called?

A

Only cortex
2 interlobular artery surround by medullary rays

Also called cortical lobule

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23
Q

Glomeruli only found in?

And when this contains no glomeruli?

A

Cortex.

Cortex corticis

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24
Q

Arcuate artery ->

A

Vasa recta in medulla and cortex

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25
Q

Nephron and capp

A

Tighly related

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26
Q

Bowmans capsule also named?

A

Malpighian corpuscle

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27
Q

JM = juxtaglomrular
Cortical nephron
Jm nephron

A

In cortex

Jm - loop of henle in medulla, longer nephron, more efficient conc of urine

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28
Q

Renal papillae (2)

A

Projects into pelvicalyceal space

Opening large straight ducts into crib-rated area

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29
Q

How much CO cardiac output into kidney in one day?

A

20%

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30
Q

4 main steps in urine production - frsc

A

Filtration,
Reabsorption and secretion by tubules
Concentration by removal of water

31
Q

Kidney cortex contains? (3)

A

Cortex corticis
Cortex labyrinth
Medullary rays : straight tubules + collecting tubules

32
Q

Medulla ,(2)

A

Pyramids : straight tubules and collecting ducts
Renal columns
Loopof henle

33
Q

Uniferous pole and what type of cells?

A

Glomerular filtrate to prox convu tubules

Cuboidal cells

34
Q

Bowmans capsules 2 layers

A

Parietal - simple squamous

Visceral - podocytes

35
Q

Glomerular capp are?

A

Fenestrated with cont basement membrane/lamina

36
Q

Filtration membrane contains? (5)

A 
Capp space
Capp endi
Bm
Foot process of podocyte and fenestrations
Capsular space filtrate
37
Q

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

Juxtaglomerular cells
Macula densa
Extraglomerula mesangium

38
Q

Raas pathway

A

Renin - angiotensinogen -> angiotensin 1 -> 2 - aldesterone
Increase na reabsorption -> water reabsorption increase bp.

Stim by low bp and nerve impulses during stress

39
Q

Angiotensin 2 (4)

A

Vasoconstriction
Vasopressin rel by pituitary gland
Adrenal gland rel - adrenaline(+nor), aldesterone

40
Q

Calyces and pelvis height

A

2-3cm

41
Q

Ureter 3 constrictions

A

Uteropelvic junction
Pelvic inlet - common iliac art split into int and external
Entrance to bladder

42
Q

Ureter active role in

A

Transport of urine and ant to comm iliac art and vein

43
Q

Post of bladder

A

Ureter, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, musuclar post of bladder, prostate

44
Q

Bladder sup view of inf wall?

A

Ureter orific
Trigone
Interuteric folding
Internal uretral meatus

45
Q

Urinary bladder holds how much urine!

A

250ml - 300ml

46
Q

Antireflux mechanism

What delimits orifice?

A

Bladder fills - intramural portion of bladder = compressed

Orifice delimited by mucosal fold (ureter valve)

47
Q

Urethra in male and female

A

F - smaller - paraurethral - skere’s gland

M - 4 parts - preprostatic, prostatic, membraneous, spongy
Glands of litre - secrete mucus (colloid, gags) -> protect epithelium against urine.

48
Q

Age related kidney fibrosis

A

Fibroblasts -> increase collagen production (type 1 and 4 & fibronectin)

49
Q

Renal corpuscle : epithelium, major functions, summary (EMS)

A

E simple squamous - bowmans capsule. Visceral and parietal layer.
M filter blood
S endothelial cells, fused basal lamina, podocyte processes (fenestratiojs in between - pedicles

50
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule : EMS

A

Epi - simple squamous
Major func-reabsorb all proteins, glucose and aa.
80% of all Na, water and cl ion
Sum - na pumps - remove na - water follows - maintain isotonicity with blood

51
Q

Loop of henle thick decending lim. EMS

A

E- simple cuboidal - brush border
M - same of pct
S - same as pct

52
Q

EMS : loop of henle - thin decending limb

A

E simple squamous
M water exits na and cl enter
S blood respect hypertonic
urea also enters lumen of tubule

53
Q

Loop of henle - thin ascending limb ems

A

E simple squamous
M somewhat permeable to water - enter ultra-filtrate. Na and cl exit
S - blood respect hypertonic
urea enter lumen of tubule

54
Q

Loop of henle - thick ascending limb ems

A

E simple cuobidal with mito
M - impermeable to water. Cl active transport out. Na follows.
S - ultrafiltrate = hypotonic

55
Q

JG apparatus - macula densa ems

A

Simple cuboidal cells
M monitor level of na in ultrafiltrate distal tubule
S gap junction - communicate with jg cells in efferent arteriole
NOS synthetase

56
Q

Jg cells afferent arteriole ems

A

E modded sm cel,s - renin granules
M syn renin, release into bloodstream
S act on plasma cells - angiotensin 2 stim adrenal cortex -> aldosterone (acts on distal convoluted tubule).

57
Q

Distal convuluted tubule ems

A

E Simple cuboidal - compartmentalised mito.
M - adesterone - cells remove na .
S Hypotonic. K, nh4, h, enter lumen

58
Q

Collecting ducts ems

A

Simple cuboidal and columnar
M presence of adh permeable to water. Removed from filtrate. Hypertonic urine.
S absense impermeabble to water. Hypotonic urine.

59
Q

Excretory passages- which contain transitional epithelium

A 
Major minor calyces
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Female urethra
Male prostatic urethra
60
Q

Excretory passages - which contains pseudostratified or strat columnar

A

Male membraneous and cavernous urethra (until navicula fossa -> strat squamous)

61
Q

Excretory passages - LP contain reticular, elastic fibres?

A

Major minor calyces
Renal pelvis
And ureter (also contain collagen)

62
Q

Which excretory passages contain glands of litre

A

Female urethra

Male prostatic & membranous (few) cavernosus (many)

63
Q

Ureter muscularis and how it conducts urine?

A

Inner longi, outer circ

Active conducts - peristalsis

64
Q

Muscularis for calyces, pelvis, ureter(3rd additional), urinary bladder (poorly defined 3), urethra fem, prostatic urethra male

A

Inner longi, outer circ of sm.

Ureter and urinary bladder (poorly defined) - 3rd outermost longi

65
Q

Urethra male - muscularis - membranous, cavernous

A

Membranous - striated - ext sphinter

Cavernous - few sm with elastic fibres

66
Q

Mesangium cells and juxtaglomerular cells derived from?

A

Smooth muscle cell precursor

67
Q

Mesangium cells function PSSM

A

Phagocytosis
Structural support
Secretion
Modulate glomerular distension - response to high bp

68
Q

Macular densa different from other juxtaglomerular cells?

A

Req special stains, nuclei partially superimposed over each other, taller

69
Q

Smooth muscle of bladder wall forms?
Opening of urethra these form?
What arrangement around this?
Arrangement of sm in this muscle?

A

Detrusor muscle
Internal urethral sprincter with ring like arrangement
Sm bundles less regular than tubular portion of excretory passages -> mixed with collagen bundles

70
Q

What muscle contracts -> urine into urethra?

A

Detrusor muscle of bladder

71
Q

Bladder innervation? (3)

A

Sympath - adventitia - innvervate bv
Parasympath - inner muscle and adventita - effererent fibres of micturition reflex
Sensory fibre - sensory afferent fibres of micturition reflex

72
Q

Urethra male

A

20cm
Prostatic - 3cm transitional . Ejacculatory ducts enter. Small prostatic ducts empty into.
Membranous - 1cm - ext voluntary skeletal sphincter - pass thru deep perineal pouch - strat/pseudo strat columnar epi
Spongy - glands of litre and cowper glands empty here - pseudostart columnar. End= strat squamous - 15cm

73
Q

Urethra female

A

3-5cm
Longi folds
Transitional -> squamous

74
Q

Medullary rays contain?

Region between medullary rays contain?

A

Straight tubules and collecting ducts

Corpuscles, convoluted tubules and collecting tubules - cortical labyrinths

Histology (17 decks)

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