2* Growth

Question 1

1* growth =

Answer 1

axial lengthening

Question 2

2* growth =

Answer 2

lateral widening

Question 3

most stems with 2* growth have a

Answer 3

eustele

Question 4

vascular cambium produces

Answer 4

2* X (wood) & 2* P (inner bark)

Question 5

vascular cambium forms from

Answer 5

fascicular cambium (in the bundles) & the interfascicular cambium

Question 6

interfascicular cambium forms from

Answer 6

1* ray (parenchyma)

Question 7

fascicular cambium froms from

Answer 7

procambium

Question 8

fascicular cambium location

Answer 8

in vascular bundles

Question 9

in the pith ray…

Answer 9

…parenchyma despecializes & becomes meristematic

Question 10

vascular cambium is a type of

Answer 10

lateral mersitem (usually for the life of the organ)

Question 11

axial region function =

Answer 11

transport along the organ

Question 12

radial region has

Answer 12

rays

Question 13

rays function =

Answer 13

radial transport & storage

Question 14

in between rays =

Answer 14

axial regions

Question 15

rays continue into

Answer 15

2* P

Question 16

pine wood axial regions =

Answer 16

ONLY tracheids (no vessels)

Question 17

pine wood rays are made up of (2)

Answer 17

parenchyma & short tracheids

Question 18

pine wood rays are…

Answer 18

…uniseriate = 1 cell thick

Question 19

pine wood has large

Answer 19

resin ducts that look like vessels but ARE NOT VESSELS

Question 20

pine wood smaller diameter xylem cells helps

Answer 20

prevent cavitation (emboli)

Question 21

narrow xylem cells =

Answer 21

late wood (preparing for winter / low nutrient season)

Question 22

thick xylem cells =

Answer 22

early wood (spring / high nutrient season)

Question 23

pine wood tracheids have

Answer 23

bordered pits

Question 24

bordered pits of conifers have

Answer 24

margo & torus (most others don’t)

Question 25

pine/conifer/redwood wood =

Answer 25

soft wood

Question 26

soft wood =

Answer 26

wood without fibers

Question 27

bordered pit function

Answer 27

when negative pressure from air bubble (emboli) tries to enter another cell, pits have margo membrane (with thin microfibrils) and torus (middle) that block pits from air bubble entering

Question 28

margo and torus to limit

Answer 28

the spread of emboli

Question 29

2 types of flowering plant wood:

Answer 29

ring-porous | diffuse-porous

Question 30

ring porous wood only occurs in

Answer 30

plants with vessels (usually flowering plants)

Question 31

different sized larger "pores" in ring-porous wood =

Answer 31

vessels

Question 32

ring porous wood early wood vs late wood:

Answer 32

- early: huge vessels / thick fiber cw's (hard) | - late: big vessels / thin fiber cw's (softer)

Question 33

early wood huge vessels means

Answer 33

higher chance of embolism

Question 34

in angiosperms (flowering plants), most cells in axial regions =

Answer 34

fibers (for support)

Question 35

in angiosperms, rays can be

Answer 35

multiseriate = >1 cell thick

Question 36

in angiosperms, all ray cells are

Answer 36

parenchyma

Question 37

diffuse porous wood examples

Answer 37

cottonwood, willows, tropical rainforest

Question 38

ring porous wood example

Answer 38

oak

Question 39

diffuse porous wood vessel sizes

Answer 39

are all about the same

Question 40

diffuse porous wood fiber cw's & diameter

Answer 40

thickness changes with season

Question 41

diffuse porous wood vessels have

Answer 41

simple perforation plates on vessel elements

Question 42

diffuse porous wood majority of axial regions (longitudinal/radial) = & radial regions =

Answer 42

fibers | & rays

Question 43

if all cells in the axial regions look the same =

Answer 43

pine/non-flowering wood

Question 44

2* phloem has same cells as

Answer 44

those in 1* phloem

Question 45

pine 2* P have

Answer 45

2* sieve cells in cw

Question 46

pine 2* P wood axial cells =

Answer 46

tracheids

Question 47

pine 2* P young stem shows

Answer 47

old cortex still

Question 48

pine 2* P radial regions =

Answer 48

ray parenchyma

Question 49

angiosperm 2* P have

Answer 49

STM + companion cells

Question 50

what is lost in 2* growth?

Answer 50

older bark (including 2* P)

Question 51

2* X vs 2* P growth amount ratio =

Answer 51

10 : 1 | 10 wood cells : 1 inner bark cell

Question 52

periderm function

Answer 52

replaces epidermis

Question 53

periderm is found in

Answer 53

woody plants

Question 54

periderm formation:

Answer 54

cork cambium (phellogen) initiates just inside epidermis

Question 55

cork cells are

Answer 55

dead at maturity

Question 56

cork cw's have

Answer 56

suberin

Question 57

cork parenchyma aka | can be

Answer 57

phelloderm | photosynthetic

Question 58

cork parenchyma function

Answer 58

storage & photosynthesis

Question 59

cork cambium is often

Answer 59

bifacial

Question 60

cork cambium separates

Answer 60

cork (outside) & cork parenchyma (inside)

Question 61

mature periderm exhibits? | & especially where?

Answer 61

proliferation (rapid growth) | especially in cork cells

Question 62

mature periderm have

Answer 62

lenticels = openings in the periderm that allow for diffusion of gases in & out of stems)