Quiz 1

Question 1

Central Vacuole (Plant Cell) (2)

Answer 1

• function: storage/osmoregulation (90% of volume)

- membrane bound –> Tonoplast (highly permeable)

Question 2

Nucleus (Plant Cell) (2)

Answer 2

• double membraned (nuclear envelope)

- Polyploidy common (diff # of chromosomes)

Question 3

Endoplasmic Reticulum (Plant Cell)

Answer 3

cell to cell communication

Question 4

Smooth ER (Plant Cell)

Answer 4

produces lipids/fatty acids

Question 5

Rough ER (Plant Cell)

Answer 5

has ribosomes –> produces proteins

Question 6

Golgi Apparatus location

Answer 6

close to cell wall

Question 7

Golgi Apparatus (Plant Cell)

Answer 7

secretes vesicles for packaging

- “repackaging” molecules & delivers products in vesicle

Question 8

Many cell wall components made/packaged where?

Answer 8

Golgi Apparatus

Question 9

Organelles resulting from endosymbiosis (3)

Answer 9

1. ) mitchondria –> proteobacterium ( Gram (-) )
2. ) chloroplast –> cyanobacteria (Gram (-) )
3. ) Nucleus (2 membranes) –> likely an engulfed archae

Question 10

Mitochondria (Plant Cell)

+ components & their functions

Answer 10

aerobic respiration

• outer mem
• innner mem - ETC
• matrix - Krebbs/Citric Acid Cycle

Question 11

where does aerobic respiration occur?

Answer 11

mitochondria

Question 12

where does anaerobic respiration occur?

Answer 12

cytoplasm

Question 13

Proplastids (3) w/ their stimulation

Answer 13

Chloroplast (light)
Chromoplast (dormancy storage of pigments)
Leucoplast (storage/no light)

Question 14

Chloroplast (Plant Cell)

Answer 14

oxygenic photosynthesis (where sugars are made) & can store starch/sugars

Question 15

Chromoplast (Plant Cell)

Answer 15

has carotenoids / lacks chlorophyll

Question 16

Leucoplast (Plant Cell)

+ 1 type

Answer 16

no pigments / few-no thylakoids

+ Amyloplast - stores starch

Question 17

Peroxisome (Plant Cell)

Answer 17

degrade/metabolize certain chemicals

- produce peroxide (poisonous) then breaks it down

Question 18

Peroxisomes are also involved in

Answer 18

photorespiration

Question 19

Cytoskeleton is made of

Answer 19

made of MT’s + Actin Filaments (MF’s)

Question 20

Cytoskeleton (Plant Cell) responsible for

Answer 20

cytoplasmic streaming = movement of chloroplasts (light dependent)

Question 21

Plant Cell Wall is composed of

Answer 21

cellulose

Question 22

what is cellulose

Answer 22

cellulosic linkages prevent the molecule from being easily damaged (good structural trait)

Question 23

Green Plant Cell Walls

Answer 23

Beta 1-4 linked glucose monomers = cellulose backbone

hard to digest

Question 24

cellulose produced by

Answer 24

cellulose synthase

Question 25

cellulose synthase found in

Answer 25

plasma membrane

Question 26

cellulose synthase function

Answer 26

organizes glucose monomers into parallel layers of cellulose

Question 27

1 cellulose molecule =

Answer 27

microfibril

Question 28

2* CW arrangement

Answer 28

microfibrils in each layer are parallel to e/o | innermost layers are parallel to longest axis of cell

Question 29

2* CW components (5)

Answer 29

1. ) Hemicelluloses 2. ) Pectins 3. ) Glycoproteins 4. ) Lignin 5. ) Suberin

Question 30

Hemicellulose

Answer 30

hydrophilic

Question 31

Pectins

Answer 31

1* CW & middle lamella | hydrophilic

Question 32

Glycoproteins

Answer 32

hydrophilic

Question 33

Lignin

Answer 33

hydrophobic resist UV, bacteria, some fungi & stiffens microfibrils

Question 34

Suberin

Answer 34

hydrophobic associated with lipids (waxes, etc.) (bark of a plant --> skin of a potato/apple)

Question 35

Plasmodesmata

Answer 35

small openings include primary pit field

Question 36

Cell Plate made of

Answer 36

pectin

Question 37

Cell Plate formation occurs & ends

Answer 37

during telophase | ends cytokinesis

Question 38

Phragmoplast

Answer 38

assembles/organizes cell plate

Question 39

cell plate will become

Answer 39

middle lamella

Question 40

1* Growth typically

Answer 40

apical (@ tips)

Question 41

most basal land plant

Answer 41

liverwort

Question 42

Apical growth: basal (seedless) plants w/ vascular tissue have

Answer 42

1 apical cell (seedless vascular plants)

Question 43

Plants that produce seeds have

Answer 43

apical meristems for cell division & growth

Question 44

apical meristem =

Answer 44

region of undifferentiated cells @ apex (tip) of an organ (shoots, (stem, leaves, repro. organs) roots)

Question 45

Tunica gives rise to

Answer 45

protoderm --> epidermis

Question 46

Protoderm gives rise to

Answer 46

epidermis

Question 47

Corpus gives rise to

Answer 47

ground meristem --> ground tissues

Question 48

Ground meristem gives rise to

Answer 48

ground tissues

Question 49

Aglaophyton has no

Answer 49

vascular tissue | roots

Question 50

Aglaophyton has

Answer 50

shoots w/ dichotomous branching (ea. shoot only divides into 2) rhizome rhizoids

Question 51

Rhizome

Answer 51

lateral stem (usually underground)

Question 52

Rhizoids

Answer 52

1 cell thick (root-ish)

Question 53

monopodial growth

Answer 53

1 main axis

Question 54

axillary bud responsible for

Answer 54

branching

Question 55

epidermis important for

Answer 55

land plants

Question 56

Guard Cells control

Answer 56

stomata opening & closing (only in cells in epidermis w/ chloroplasts)

Question 57

Cuticle =

Answer 57

cutin + waxes

Question 58

subsidiary cells aid

Answer 58

in stomata opening & closing

Question 59

gaurd cells (to open) pump

Answer 59

H+ OUT

Question 60

gaurd cells (to open) receive

Answer 60

K+, Cl-, H2O IN

Question 61

Trichomes happen by

Answer 61

outgrowths of the cell wall