2: Historical Review Flashcards
(49 cards)
A system transforms
inputs to outputs.
An organization transforms resources into
additional resources.
Subsystems
Internal linkages in transformation process
Feedback
The influence that outputs have on inputs
Who developed Systems Theory?
David Easton (see diagram)
Open or adaptive systems
Humans modify behaviors to adapt to environment.
Public orgs are in a political environment
Frederick Taylor (1919)
Pioneer of managerial analysis (Scientific Management)
Scientific Management School was based on
systemic analysis of every little act performed by workers.
Scientific Management: Role of Management
Manage work processes:
- analyze it
- derive rules and guidelines
- find efficient way to perform tasks
Time motion studies
measure and analyze physical characteristics of workplace to find THE ONE BEST WAY.
The One Best Way is associated with which management theory?
scientific management
Theory that emphasizes pay as the primary reward for work
Scientific Management
Max Weber
Founder of organizational sociology–analysis of complex organizations
Bureaucracy
Movement toward legal and rational forms of authority absent tradition (monarchial power) or charisma
Bureaucratic authorities and obligations:
supervision
administration
rules
management
A structured bureaucracy has
precision, speed, clarity, consistency, reduction of costs
P 19
Administrative Management School, 1958 described the principles of administration as:
Planning Organizing Supervising Controlling Delegating authority
Luther Gulick, 1937
Division of work and coordination of work
POSDCRB
Administrative Management school
Planning Organizing Staffing Directing Coordinating Reporting Budgeting
Who is associated with the Scalar Principle?
James Mooney, 1930
Organization is like a scale with graduated steps in authority and responsibility.
Characteristics of Administrative Management School
Formal structure & hierarchy:
Specialized tasks, clear lines of authority, narrow span of control, unity of command.
Gulick and Mooney said that closed systems are
Consistent
rational
machinelike
Mary Parker Follett (1926)
Wrote about “the giving of orders”, participatory management. Is credited as an early contributor to feminist organization theory.
Hawthorne Studies
Conducted at Western Electric Company
Found that illumination and rest periods increased productivity
