SubTopics by Parts-CSE > 2-History > Flashcards

2-History Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. Sources
A

Archaeological sources :Exploration, excavation, epigraphy, numismatics,monuments.Literary sources:Indigenous: Primary and secondary; poetry, scientific1iterature, 1iterature, 1iterature in regional languages, re1igiousliterature.Foreign account: Greek, Chinese and Arab writers.History 1

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2
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  1. Pre-history and Proto-history :
A

Geographical factors; hunting and gathering (paleolithicand meso1ithic); Beginning of agriculture (neolithic andcha1co1ithic).History 2

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3
Q
  1. Indus Valley Civilization:
A

Origin, date, extent, characteristics-decline, survival andsigniticance, art and architecture.History 3

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4
Q
  1. Megalithic Cultures :
A

Distribution of pastoral and fanning cultures outsidethe Indus, Development of community life, Settlements,Development of agriculture, Crafts, Pottery, and Iron industry.History 4

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5
Q

5.Aryans and Vedic Period:

A

Expansions of Aryans in India:Vedic Period: Religious and philosophic literarure;Transfonnation from Rig Vedic period to the later Vedic period;Political, social and economical life; Significance of the VedicAge; Evolution of Monarchy and Varna system.History 5

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6
Q
  1. Period ofMahajanapadas:
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Formation of States (Mahajanapada): Republics andmonarchies; Rise of urban centres; Trade routes; Economicgrowth; Introduction of coinage; Spread of Jainism andBuddism; Rise of Magadha and Nand as.Iranian and Mecedonian invasions and their impact.History 6

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7
Q
  1. Mauryan Empire:
A

Foundation of the Mauryan Empire, Chandragupta,Kautilya and Arthashastra; Ashoka; Concept of Dharma;Edicts; Polity. Administration, Economy; Art, architecture andsculpture; External contacts; Religion; Spread of religion;Literature.Disintegration of the empire; sungas and Kanvas.History 7

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8
Q
  1. Post-Mauryan Period (Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Kushanas,Western Kshatrapas):
A

Contact with outside world; growth of urban centres,economy, coinage, development of religions, Mahayana, socialconditions, art, architecture, culture, literature and science.History 8

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9
Q
  1. Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India:
A

Kharave]a, The Satavahanas, Tamil States of the Sang amAge; Administration, Economy, ]and grants, coinage, tradegui1ds and urban centres; Buddhist centres; Sangam 1iteratureand culture; Art and architecture.History 9

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10
Q
  1. Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas:
A

Polity and administration, Economic conditions, Coinageof the Guptas, Land grants, Decline of urban centres, Indianfeudalism, Caste system, Position of women, Education andeducational institutions; Nalanda, Vikramshila and Vallabhi,Literature, scientitlc literature, art and architecture.History 10

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11
Q
  1. Regional States during Gupta Era:
A

The Kadambas, Pa11avas, Chalukyas of Badami; Polityand Administration, Trade guilds, Literature; growth ofVaishnava and Saiva religions. Tamil Bhakit movement,Shankaracharya; Vedanta; Institutions of temple and templearchitecture; Palas, Senas, Rashtrakutas, Paramaras, Polity andadministration; Cultural aspects. Arab conquest of Sind;Alberuni, The Chaluky as of Kalyana, Cholas, Hoysalas,Pandyas; Polity and Administration; Local Government;Growth of art and architecture, religious sects, Institution oftemple and Mathas, Agraharas, education and literature,economy and society.History 11

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12
Q
  1. Themes in Early Indian Cultural History:
A

Languages and texts, major stages in the evolution ofart and architecture, major philosophical thinkers and schools,ideas in Science and Mathematics.History 12

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13
Q
  1. Early Medieval India, 750-1200:
A

-Polity: Major political developments in Northern Indiaand the peninsula, origin and the rise of Rajputs.-The Cho1as: administration, vi11age economy andsociety “Indian Feuda1ism”.-Agrarian economy and urban settlements.-Trade and commerce.-Society: the status of the Brahman and the new socialorder.-Condition of women.-Indian science and technology.History 13

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14
Q
  1. Cultural Traditions in India, 750-1200:
A

-Philosophy: Skankaracharya and Vedanta, Ramanuja andVishishtadvaita, Madhva and Brahma-Mimansa.-Religion: Forms and features of religion, Tamil devotionalcult, growth of Bhakti, Islam and its arrival in India,Sutism.-Literature: Literature in Sanskrit, growth of Tamilliterature, literature in the newly developing languages,Ka1han’s Rajtarangini, A1beruni’s India .-Art and Architecture: Temple architecture, sculpture,painting.History 14

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15
Q
  1. The Thirteenth Century:
A

-Establishment of the Delhi Sultanate: The Ghurianinvasions - factors behind Ghurian success.-Economic, Social and cultural consequences.-Foundation of Delhi Sultanate and early Turkish Sultans.-Consolidation: The rule of lltutmish and BalbanHistory 15

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16
Q
  1. The Fourteenth Century:
A

-“The Khalji Revolution”.- Alauddin Khalji: Conquests and territorial expansion,agrarian and economic measure.-Muhammad Tughluq: Major projects, agrarian measures,bureaucracy of Muhammad Tughluq.- Firuz Tugluq: Agrarian measures, achievements in civilengineering and public works, decline ofthe Sultanate,foreign contacts and Ibn Battuta’s account.History 16

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17
Q
  1. Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth andFourteenth Centuries:
A

-Society: composition of rural society, ruling classes,town dwellers, women, religious classes, caste andslavery under the Sultanate, Bhakti movement, Sutimovement.-Culture: Persian literature, literature in the regionallanguages of North India, literaute in the languages ofSouth India, Sultanate architecture and new structuralforms, painting, evolution of a composite culture.-Economy: Agricultural Production, rise of urbaneconomy and non-agricultural production, trade andcommerce.History 17

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18
Q
  1. The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century-PoliticalDevelopments and Economy:
A

-Rise of Provincial Dynasties: Bengal, Kashmir (ZainulAbedin), Gujarat.- Malwa, Bahmanids.-The Vijayanagara Empire.-Lodis.-Mughal Empire, first phase: Babur, Humayun.-The Sur Empire: Sher Shah’s administration.-Portuguese colonial enterprise, Bhakti and SufiMovements.History 18

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19
Q
  1. The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century- Society andculture:
A

-Regional cultures specificities.-Literary traditions.-Provincial architectural.-Society, culture, literature and the arts in YijayanagaraEmpire.History 19

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20
Q
  1. Akbar:
A

-Conquests and consolidation of empire.-Establishment ofjaxir and mansah systems.-Raj put policy.-Evolution of religious and social outlook. Theory ofSullz-i-kul and religious policy.-Court patronage of art and technology.History 20

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21
Q
  1. Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century:
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A

-Major administrative policies ofJahangir, Shahjahan andAurangzeb.-The Empire and the Zamindars.-Religious policies of Jahangir, Shahjahan andAurangzeb.-Nature of the Mughal State.-Late Seventeenth Century crisis and the revolts.- TheAhom kingdom.- Shivaji and the early Maratha Kingdom.History 21

22
Q
  1. Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries:
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A

-Population Agricultural and craft production.-Towns, commerce with Europe through Dutch, Englishand French companies : a trade revolution.-Indian mercanti1e classes. Banking, insurance and creditsystems.-Conditions of peasants, Condition of Women.-Evolution of the Sikh community and the Khalsa PanthHistory 22

23
Q
  1. CultureduringMughalEmpire:
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A

-Persian histories and other literature-Hindi and religious literatures.- Mugha1 architecture.- Mugha1 painting.-Provincia] architecture and painting.- C1assica1 music.-Science and technology.History 23

24
Q
  1. The Eighteenth Century:
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A

-Factors for the decline of the Mughal Empire.-The regional principa1ities: Nizam’s Deccan, Bengal,Awadh.- Maratha ascendancy under the Peshwas.-The Maratha fiscal and financial system.-Emergence of Afghan power Battle of Panipat, 1761.-State of, po1itica1, cultural and economic, on eve of theBritish conquest.History 24

25
1. European Penetration into India:
The Early European Settlement~ ; The Portuguese andthe Dutch; The English and the French East lndiaCompanies; Their struggle for supremacy; CarnaticWars; Bengal-The cont1ict between the English and theNawabs of Bengal; Siraj and the English; The Battle ofPlassey; Significance of Plassey.History 25
26
2. British Expansion in India:
Bengal-Mir Jafar and Mir Kasim; The Battle ofBuxar;Mysore; The Marathas; The three Anglo-Maratha Wars;The Punjab.History 26
27
3. Early Structure of the British Raj:
The Early administrative structure; From diarchy todirect contol; The Regulating Act (1773 ); The Pitt's IndiaAct (1784); The Charter Act (1833); The Voice offreetrade and the changing character of British colonial rule;The English utilitarian and India.History 27
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4. Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule:
(a) Land revenue settlement<> in British India; The PermanentSettlement; Ryotwari Settlement; Mahalwari Settlement;Economic impact of the revenue arrangemen ts;Commercialization of agriculture; Rise of landlessagrarian labourers; Impoverishment of the rural society.(b) Dislocation of traditional trade and commerce; Deindustrialisation;Decline of traditional crafts; Drain ofwealth; Economic transformation of India; Railroad andcommunication network including telegraph and postalservices; Famine and poverty in the rural interior;European business enterprise and its limitations.History 28
29
5. Social and Cultural Developments:
The state of indigenous education, its dislocation;Orientalist-Anglicist controversy, The introduction ofwestern education in India; The rise of press, 1i teratureand public opinion; The rise of modem vernacularliterature; Progress of Science; Christian missionaryactivities in India.History 29
30
6. Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal andOther Areas:
Ram Mohan Roy, T he Brahmo Moveme nt;Devendranath Tagore; Iswarchandra Vidyasagar; TheYoung Bengal Movement; Dayanada Saraswati ; Thesocial reform movement<> in India including Sati, widowremarriage, child marriage etc.; The contribution ofIndian renaissance to the growth of modem India;Islamic revivalism-the Feraizi and Wahabi Movements.History 30
31
7. Indian Response to British Rule:
Peasant movement and tribal uprisings in the 18th and19th centuries including the Rangpur Dhing (1783 ), theKol Rebellion ( 1832), the Mopla Rebellion in Malabar(1841-1920), the Santa] Hul (1855), Indigo Rebellion(1859-60), Deccan Uprising (1875) and the MundaUlgulan (1899-1900); The Great Revolt of 1857 -Origin,character, casuses of failure, the consequences; Theshift in the character of peasant uprisings in the post-185 7 period; the peasant movements of the 1920s and1930s.History 31
32
X. Factors leading to the birth of Indian Nationalism;
Politics of Association; The Foundation of the IndianNational Congress; The Safety-valve thesis relating tothe birth of the Congress; Programme and objectives ofEarly Congress; the social composition of earlyCongress leadership; the Moderates and Extremists;The Partition of Bengal ( 1905 ); The Swadeshi Movementin Bengal; the economic and political aspects ofSwadeshi Movement; The beginning of revolutionaryextremism in India.History 32
33
9. Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism;
Gandhi's popular appeal; Rowlatt Satyagraha; theKhilafat Movement; the Non-cooperation Movement;National politics from the end of the Non-cooperationmovement to the beginning of the Civil DisobedienceMovement; the two phases of the Civil DisobedienceMovement; Simon Commission; The Nehru Report; theRound Table Conferences; Nationalism and the PeasantMovements; Nationalism and Working classmovements; Women and Indian youth and students inIndian politics ( 1885-194 7); the election of 193 7 and theformation of ministries; Cripps Mission; the Quit IndiaMovement; the Wavell Plan; The Cabinet Mission.History 33
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10. Constitutional Developments in the Colonial India
between 1858 and 1935.History 34
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11. Other strands in the National Movement.
The Revolutionaries: Bengal, the Punjab, Maharashtra,U .P. the Madras Presidency, Outside India.The Left; The Left within the Congress: Jawahar1a1Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, the Congress SocialistParty; the Communist Party oflndia, other left parties.History 35
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12. Politics of Separatism;
the Muslim League; the HinduMahasabha; Communalism and the politics of partition;Transfer of power; Independence.History 36
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13. Consolidation as a Nation;
Nehru's Foreign Policy; Indiaand her ne ighbours (1947-1964 ); The linguisticreorganisation of States (1935-1947); Regionalism andregional inequality; Integration of Princely States;Princes in electoral politics; the Question of NationalLanguage.History 37
38
14. Caste and Ethnicity after 1947;
Backward Castes andTribes in post-colonia] electoral politics; Da1itmovements.History 38
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15. Economic development and political change;
Land reforms; the politics of planning and rural reconstruction;Ecology and environmental policy in post-colonialIndia; Progress of Science.History 39
40
16. Enlightenment and Modern ideas:
(i) Major Ideas of Enlightenment: Kant, Rousseau.(ii) Spread of Enlightenment in the colonies.(iii) Rise of socialist ideas (up to Marx); spread ofMarxian Socialism.History 40
41
17. Origins of Modern Politics :
(i) European States System(ii) American Revolution and the Constitution(iii) French Revolution and Aftermath, 1789-1815(iv) American Civil War with reference to Abraham Lincolnand the abolition of slavery.(v) British Democratic politics, 1815-1850 :ParliamentaryReformers, Free Traders, Chartists.History 41
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18. Industrialization:
(i) English Industrial Revolution : Causes and Impact onSociety.(ii) Industrialization in other countries : USA, Germany,Russia, Japan.(iii) Industrialization and Globalization.History 42
43
19. Nation-State System:
(i) Rise of Nationalism in 19th century.(ii) Nationalism: State-building in Gennany and ltaly.(iii) Disintegration of Empires in the face of the emergenceof nationalities across the World.History 43
44
20. Imperialism and Colonialism :
(i) South and South-East Asia.(ii) Latin America and South Africa.(iii) Australia.(iv )Imperialism and free trade: Rise of neo-imperialism.History 44
45
21. Revolution and Counter-Revolution:
(i) 19th Century European revolutions.(ii) The Russian Revolution of 1917-1921 .(iii) Fascist Counter-Revolution, ltaly and Germany.(iv) The Chinese Revolution of 1949.History 45
46
22. World Wars:
(i) 1st and 2nd World Wars as Total Wars : Societalimplications.(ii) World War 1 : Causes and Consequences.(iii) World War ll : Causes and Consequences.History 46
47
23. The World after World War II:
(i) Emergence of Two power blocs.(ii) Emergence of Third World and non-alignment(iii) UNO and the global disputes.History 47
48
24. Liberation from Colonial Rule: :
(i) Latin America-Bolivar.(ii) Arab World-Egypt.(iii) Africa-Apartheid to Democracy.(iv) South-East Asia-Vietnam.History 48
49
25. Decolonization and Underdevelopment:
(i) Factors constraining Development ; Latin America,Africa.History 49
50
26. Unification of Europe :
(i) Post War Foundations ; NATO and EuropeanCommunity.(ii) Consolidation and Expansion of European Community(iii) European Union.History 50
51
27. Disintegration of Soviet Union and the Rise of the Unipolar World:
(i) Factors leading to the co1lapse of Soviet Communismand Soviet Union, 1985-1991.(ii) Political Changes in East Europe 1989-2001.(iii) End of the Cold War and US Ascendancy in the Worldas the lone superpower.History 51
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