2 Inguinal Region

Question 1

What is the inguinal ligament

Answer 1

Rolled aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle

Question 2

What is the inguinal ligament connected to

Answer 2

ASIS and pubic tubercle

Question 3

What is the conjoined tendon

Answer 3

The combined aponeurosis of interior and medial margins of internal oblique and transversus abdominal m

Question 4

What do the crural fibers flank

Answer 4

The inguinal ring

Question 5

What does the lacunar ligament do and where is it found

Answer 5

Anchors inguinal ligament to pubis; ligament between pubic rami and inguinal ligament

Question 6

What goes through the inguinal rings

Answer 6

Vas deferens and gonadal vessels/nerves in males and the round ligament in females

Question 7

What is the superficial inguinal ring

Answer 7

A split in the external oblique aponeurosis

Question 8

Where is the pectineal ligament

Answer 8

Continuation of fibers from the lacunar ligament running along the pectin pubis

Question 9

Where does the iliophypogastric n come from

Answer 9

L1

Question 10

What does the iliohypogastric n innervate

Answer 10

Abdominal mm and skin over pubis

Question 11

What does the ilioinguinal n come from

Answer 11

L1

Question 12

What does the ilioinguinal n do

Answer 12

Motor to abdominal mm; skin over upper/medial thigh and skin at root of penis/clitoris and anterior scrotum/labia

Question 13

Where does the genitofemoral nerve come from

Answer 13

L1,2

Question 14

What does the genitofemoral n innervate

Answer 14

Motor to the cremasteric muscles and sensory to a small part of teh medial thigh and scrotal/labial fascia

Question 15

Where do the gonads form

Answer 15

T10

Question 16

What pulls the testicles down during development

Answer 16

Gubernaculum

Question 17

What forms the future scrotum

Answer 17

Processus vaginalis

Question 18

What remains of the processus vaginalis in the mature testicles

Answer 18

Tunica vaginalis

Question 19

What are undescended testis called

Answer 19

Crytorchid testis

Question 20

What does the external spermatic fascia come from

Answer 20

External oblique aponeurosis

Question 21

Where does the cremasteric fascia come from

Answer 21

Internal oblique

Question 22

Where does the internal spermatic fascia come from

Answer 22

Trasnversalis fascia

Question 23

Where does the parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis come from

Answer 23

Processus vaginalis

Question 24

Where does the visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis come from

Answer 24

Processus vaginalis

Question 25

The testis descending is called a _______________ hernia

Answer 25

Physiologic

Question 26

What is the purpose of the pampiniform plexus

Answer 26

These are veins which cool down the blood heading to the testis

Question 27

What items are found in the spermatic cord

Answer 27

Vas deferens, testicular a, testicular v (pampiniform plexus), gonadal nerves, gonadal lymphatics

Question 28

What is a testicular variococele

Answer 28

Varicosities of pampiniform plexus which presents with swelling in the scrotum and recurring pain

Question 29

What can persistent processus vaginalis lead to

Answer 29

Hydroceles

Question 30

What is a non-communicating hydrocele

Answer 30

Peritoneal fluid accumulation in the tunica vaginalis that doesn’t connect

Question 31

What is a communicating hydrocele

Answer 31

A patent connection between the tunica vaginalis and peritoneum

Question 32

What is a hydrocele of the cord

Answer 32

A cyst found in the spermatic cord

Question 33

How do you determine what is in the hydrocele

Answer 33

Trans-illumination Light will appear through the serous fluid

Question 34

The gubernatuculum attaches to the desecending ovaries but also attaches to what

Answer 34

The developing uterus

Question 35

What does the gubernaculum form

Answer 35

Ovarian ligament and round ligament of the uterus

Question 36

What does the the round ligament of the uterus attach to

Answer 36

Labial swellings

Question 37

What are the contents of the female inguinal canal

Answer 37

Round ligament, ilioinguinal n, genitofemoral n

Question 38

Where does the scrotum drain to

Answer 38

Superficial inguinal nodes

Question 39

What is the order of lymph drainage from the gonads

Answer 39

Upper pelvic nodes —> lumbar nodes —> pre-aortic nodes

Question 40

What makes up hasselbach’s triangle

Answer 40

Inguinal ligament, rectus abdominis border, inferior epigastric vessels

Question 41

A direct hernia occurs where

Answer 41

Inside hesselbachs triangle (medial to inferior epigastric) and has peritoneum and transversalis fascia covering it

Question 42

What is an indirect hernia

Answer 42

Enters deep ring Surrounded by peritoneum, transversalis fascia, and spermatic cord

Question 43

What is a femoral hernia

Answer 43

Below inguinal ligament and more common in women 40% present as emergencies with incarceration or strangulation

Question 44

What is an epigastric hernia site

Answer 44

Above the umbilicus

Question 45

Where is the spigelian hernia

Answer 45

Through the fascia between the abdominal muscles but along the semilunar line of the rectus abdominis

Question 46

What is a flank hernia

Answer 46

Lumbar hernia