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BIOL 1105 > 2: Introduction to Biology > Flashcards

2: Introduction to Biology Flashcards

Module 1, Lesson 2 (68 cards)

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1
Q

Biology is…

A

The study of living systems

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2
Q

True or false:

Biology is an interdisciplinary field.

A

True

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3
Q

Living systems are extremely ____.

A

Diverse

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4
Q

Living systems share many ____.

A

Fundamental similarities

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5
Q

Life is constrained by ____ and ____ principles.

A

Chemical and physical

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6
Q

The most complex chemical systems on earth are…

A

Living systems

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7
Q

List the fields involved in studying living systems.

(four)

A

Chemistry, physics, mathematics, statistics

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8
Q

The chemical, structural, and functional complexity of organisms always requires ____.

A

Energy

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9
Q

____ is usually the ultimate source of energy for living things.

A

The Sun

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10
Q

Understanding the fundamentals of ____ is important to studying living organisms.

A

Chemistry

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11
Q

List the five characteristics of living systems.

A
  1. Consists of cells
  2. Stores and processes information
  3. Transform energy
  4. Grow and reproduce
  5. Adapt and evolve
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12
Q

____ are the fundamental unit of life.

A

Cells

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13
Q

Cells vary in ____, ____, and ____.

A

Shape, size, and complexity

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14
Q

A cell’s structure is connected to its…

A

Function

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15
Q

Living systems store information in the form of…

A

DNA or RNA

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16
Q

DNA is an organism’s genetic information and represents the organism’s…

A

Genome

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17
Q

Living systems can detect and process information from both ____ and ____ sources.

A

Internal and external

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18
Q

In response to the information, an organism can…

A

Respond or change its behavior

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19
Q

Plants and other photosynthetic organisms convert sunlight into…

A

Chemical energy

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20
Q

Non-photosynthetic organisms use the chemical energy from plants and turn it into…

A

Another chemical form

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21
Q

All living systems depend on ____ energy either directly or indirectly.

A

Solar

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22
Q

Living systems use energy to…

(three items)

A

Grow, change, and reproduce

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23
Q

Living systems grow and reproduce on both the ____ and ____ level.

A

Cellular and organismal

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24
Q

True or false:

All life has the ability to grow in size and pass genetic information on to its offspring.

A

True

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25
# True or false: All organisms interact with other organisms and the environment in ways that influence their survival.
True
26
Populations evolve ____ to their environment.
Adaptations
27
# True or false: An individual organism can evolve.
False Individuals do not evolve, but their descendants do.
28
The entire field of biology is influenced by Charles Darwin's theory of...
Evolution by natural selection
29
An organism's observable features are its...
Phenotype
30
An organism's genetic information is its...
Genotype
31
An organism's phenotype may be influenced by its...
Environment
32
Classification enables ____ between biologists.
Communication
33
The classification system has traditionally been heavily influenced by an organism's...
Phenotype
34
The classification and naming of organisms is called...
Taxonomy
35
____ examines evolutionary relationships between organisms.
Systematics
36
We use a binomial classification system in which each organism has both a ____ and ____ name.
Genus and species
37
A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring is called a...
Species
38
A ____ is a group of very closely related organisms.
Genus
39
The binomial naming system was developed by...
Carolus Linnaeus
40
Names in the binomial naming system are usually...
Latin or Latinized
41
List the taxonomic ranks in order. | (eight)
1. Domain 2. Kingdom 3. Phylum 4. Class 5. Order 6. Family 7. Genus 8. Species
42
The more closely related two organisms are, the more ____ they will have in common.
Taxonomic ranks
43
All organisms descend from a...
Common ancestor
44
The study of evolutionary relationships between organisms is called...
Phylogenetics
45
A diagram showing the deduced evolutionary relationships between organisms is called a...
Phylogenetic tree
46
Phylogenetic trees can show the evolutionary ____ and ____ between organisms.
Conservation and connection
47
There are ____ domains of life.
Three
48
List the three domains of life.
1. Bacteria 2. Archaea 3. Eukaryota
49
Bacteria and archaea are considered...
Prokaryotes
50
Organisms with no membrane bound compartments in their cells are called...
Prokaryotes
51
Organisms whose cells contain membrane-bound compartments are called...
Eukaryotes
52
# True or false: All eukaryotes are multicellular.
False Eukaryotes can be either unicellular or multicellular
53
All prokaryotes are...
Unicellular
54
Our common ancestor is believed to have existed around...
3.5 billion years ago
55
Cells were discovered in 1665 by...
Robert Hook
56
List the three main components of cell theory.
1. All organisms are composed of cells 2. Cells are the smallest units of life 3. Cells arise only from preexisting cells
57
List the hierarchy of structures in a cell. | (five items)
1. Atom 2. Molecule 3. Macromolecule 4. Organelle 5. Cell
58
____ are the smallest stable component of a cell.
Atoms
59
In eukaryotic cells, macromolecules assemble...
Organelles
60
In prokaryotic cells, macromolecules assemble...
Directly within the cell
61
List the hierarchy of an organism. | (five items)
1. Cell 2. Tissue 3. Organ 4. Organ system 5. Organism
62
List the hierarchy of a biosphere. | (five items)
1. Cell / Organism 2. Population 3. Community 4. Ecosystem 5. Biosphere
63
A group of organisms of the same species in a certain location is called a...
Population
64
A group of different species in the same place is called a...
Community
65
A community of organisms plus their physical environment forms an...
Ecosystem
66
All ecosystems can be combined into a "planet ecosystem" or...
Biosphere
67
A property that results from the interaction of components is called an...
Emergent property
68
# True or false: An emergent property can be deduced by looking at the parts of the whole.
False

BIOL 1105 (26 decks)

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