2. Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Flashcards
(147 cards)
1
Q
____________ is a deep infection caused by the bacteria clostridium perfringens.
A
Gas gangrene
2
Q
Gas gangrene is a deep infection caused by the bacteria __________.
A
clostridium perfringens
3
Q
________ is an important toxin released by clostridium perfrigens that causes myonecrosis by damaging the cell membranes.
A
Lecithinase
4
Q
Lecithinase is an important toxin released by ____________ that causes myonecrosis by damaging the cell membranes.
A
clostridium perfrigens
5
Q
________ ________ is one of the most common comorbid conditions of septic arthritis.
A
Rheumatoid arthritis
6
Q
Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most common comorbid conditions of ______ _____.
A
Septic arthritis
7
Q
The virulence factor associated with S. Aureus that allows it to bind to connective tissue and perpetuate septic arthritis is ________ .
A
MSCRAMMs
8
Q
_____ ______ protein and Type IV collagen receptors are examples of MSCRAMMs.
A
Fibronectin binding
9
Q
Fibronectin binding protein and ________ _______ receptors are examples of MSCRAMMs.
A
Type IV collagen
10
Q
Acute bacterial arthritis is usually ________ and the #1 affected joint is the knee.
A
monoarticular
11
Q
Acute bacterial arthritis is usually monoarticular and the #1 affected joint is the _____.
A
knee
12
Q
_______ should be treated with oxacillin.
A
MSSA
13
Q
MSSA should be treated with _______.
A
oxacillin
14
Q
__________ arthritis should be treated with IV ceftriaxone for at least 48 hours.
A
Gonococcal
15
Q
Gonococcal arthritis should be treated with IV ______ for at least 48 hours.
A
ceftriaxone
16
Q
The ________ coinfection that usually occurs with gonococcal arthritis should be treated with oral azithromycin.
A
chlamydia
17
Q
The chlamydia coinfection that usually occurs with gonococcal arthritis should be treated with oral ________.
A
azithromycin
18
Q
_______ _______ is an expanding rash that is seen in the early stages of lyme disease and it causes migratory joint pain.
A
Erythema migrans
19
Q
Erythema migrans is an expanding rash that is seen in the early stages of lyme disease and it causes ______ joint pain.
A
migratory
20
Q
Erythema migrans is an expanding rash that is seen in the early stages of _____ disease and it causes migratory joint pain.
A
lyme
21
Q
________ ______ is defined as >1 year of continous arthritis and it does not respond to antibiotics.
A
Chronic arthritis
22
Q
Chronic arthritis is defined as > __ year of continous arthritis and it does not respond to antibiotics.
A
1
23
Q
Chronic arthritis is defined as >1 year of continous arthritis and it _______ respond to antibiotics.
A
does not
24
Q
The autoimmune cause of chronic arthritis may involve the reaction of bacterial ______ protein with human LFA-1 protein.
A
OspA
25
The autoimmune cause of chronic arthritis may involve the reaction of bacterial OspA protein with human _____ protein.
LFA-1
26
Lyme arthritis is usually diagnosed via _______ with the positive results confirmed by Western blot.
serology
27
______ arthritis is usually diagnosed via serology with the positive results confirmed by Western blot.
Lyme
28
Oral _________ can be given for 10 days and oral amoxicillin is given to children < 8 for the treatment of lyme disease.
doxycycline
29
Oral doxycycline can be given for 10 days and oral ______ is given to children < 8 for the treatment of lyme disease.
amoxicillin
30
______ ______ is characterized by its cigar-shaped budding yeasts.
Sporothrix schenckii
31
Sporothrix schenckii is characterized by its _______ _____ budding yeasts.
cigar-shaped
32
______ _______ is characterized by its broad-based budding yeasts.
Blastomyces dermatitidis
33
Blastomyces dermatitidis is characterized by its _____ _______ budding yeasts.
broad-based
34
________ arthritis is granulomatous inflammation in response to bacteria seeding the joints hematogenously.
Mycobacterial
35
Mycobacterial arthritis is granulomatous inflammation in response to bacteria seeding the joints _______.
hematogenously
36
_______ joint infection is caused by different organisms depending on the time frame post-surgery.
Prosthetic
37
Infection of a prosthetic joint within __ months is usually caused by S. Aureus.
3
38
Infection of a prosthetic joint within 3 months is usually caused by _______.
S. Aureus
39
Infection of a prosthetic joint within __ months is usually caused by S.epidermidis.
3-24
40
Infection of a prosthetic joint withint 3-24 months is usually caused by _________.
S.epidermidis
41
Gram + cocci causing joint infections should be treated with empirical therapy of _______ and rifampin.
vancomycin
42
Gram + cocci causing joint infections should be treated with empirical therapy of vancomycin and _______.
rifampin
43
Septic arthritis due to ____ usually has a neutrophil count of 20,000 neutrophils/uL and 50/50 monocytes may also be involved.
TB
44
Septic arthritis due to TB usually has a neutrophil count of _______ neutrophils/uL and 50/50 monocytes may also be involved.
20,000
45
_______ causes of joint pain are caused by a type III immune hypersensitivity reaction and the pain is due to immune complex deposition.
Viral
46
Viral causes of joint pain are caused by a _______ ____ immune hypersensitivity reaction and the pain is due to immune complex deposition.
type III
47
________ ____ requires the P blood antigen in order to enter and invade respiratory tract epithelial cells.
Parvovirus B19
48
Parvovirus B19 requires the ___ blood antigen in order to enter and invade respiratory tract epithelial cells.
P
49
______________ are polyarthritic diseases that are seronegative for RF and express HLA-B27.
Spondyloarthropathies
50
Spondyloarthropathies are polyarthritic diseases that are seronegative for ____ and express HLA-B27.
RF
51
Spondyloarthropathies are polyarthritic diseases that are seronegative for RF and express _______.
HLA-B27
52
Spondyloarthropathy categories include ________, reactive/reiters, psoriatic, and enteropathic.
ankylosing
53
Spondyloarthropathy categories include ankylosing, _________, psoriatic, and enteropathic.
reactive/reiters
54
Spondyloarthropathy categories include ankylosing, reactive/reiters, ______, and enteropathic.
psoriatic
55
Spondyloarthropathy categories include ankylosing, reactive/reiters, psoriatic, and ________.
enteropathic
56
_______________ spondyloarthropathy is associated with conjunctivitis and genital inflammation.
Reactive/reiter's
57
Reactive/reiter's spondyloarthropathy is associated with __________ and genital inflammation.
conjunctivitis
58
Reactive/reiter's spondyloarthropathy is associated with conjunctivitis and ________ _________.
genital inflammation
59
_________ pneumoniae is a bacteria that is highly associated with ankylosing spondylitis in HLA-B27 positive patients.
Klebsiella
60
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a bacteria that is highly associated with ankylosing spondylitis in ________ positive patients.
HLA-B27
61
________ _______ presents with severe pain at the site of infection and should be treated with oxacillin, an aminoglycoside, and clindamycin as its cause is usually polymicrobial.
Necrotizing fasciitis
62
Necrotizing fasciitis presents with severe pain at the site of infection and should be treated with _______, an aminoglycoside, and clindamycin as its cause is usually polymicrobial.
oxacillin
63
Necrotizing fasciitis presents with severe pain at the site of infection and should be treated with oxacillin, ___________, and clindamycin as its cause is usually polymicrobial.
an aminoglycoside
64
Necrotizing fasciitis presents with severe pain at the site of infection and should be treated with oxacillin, an aminoglycoside, and _________ as its cause is usually polymicrobial.
clindamycin
65
Necrotizing fasciitis is commonly caused by _______ _______ but it can also be caused by the bacteria aeromonas hydrophila.
Group A strep
66
_________ _______ is a bacteria that can cause necrotizing fasciitis and it can be treated with fluoroquinolones.
Aeromonas hydrophila
67
Aeromonas hydrophila is a bacteria that can cause necrotizing fasciitis and it can be treated with _________.
fluoroquinolones
68
_________________ disease is a fecal-oral transmitted disease caused by the enterovirus coxsackie A.
Hand, Foot, and Mouth
69
Hand, Foot, and Mouth disease is a _________ transmitted disease caused by the enterovirus coxsackie A.
fecal-oral
70
Hand, Foot, and Mouth disease is a fecal-oral transmitted disease caused by the enterovirus _________.
coxsackie A
71
________________ disease is also known as a 'summer rash.'
Hand, foot, and mouth
72
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is also known as a ___________.
'summer rash'
73
__________________ disease presents with ulcers on the posterior part of the mouth and a maculopapular rash on the hands and feet.
Hand, foot, and mouth
74
Hand, foot, and mouth disease presents with ulcers on the __________ part of the mouth and a maculopapular rash on the hands and feet.
posterior
75
One of the worrisome complications of ________________ is encephalitis.
herpes simplex virus (HSV)
76
One of the worrisome complications of herpes simplex virus (HSV) is ___________.
encephalitis
77
_____________ is prevented with the first vaccine at 12-15 months and the second vaccine at 4 years old.
Varicella Zoster
78
Varicella Zoster is prevented with the first vaccine at ______ months and the second vaccine at 4 years old.
12-15
79
Varicella Zoster is prevented with the first vaccine at 12-15 months and the second vaccine at ___ years old.
4
80
Glomerulonephritis is a complication of a skin infection with __________ ___________.
streptococcus pyogenes
81
___________ is a complication of a skin infection with streptococcus pyogenes.
Glomerulonephritis
82
________ ______ is a complication of a throat infection with streptococcus pyogenes.
Rheumatic fever
83
Rheumatic fever is a complication of a throat infection with _____________ _________.
streptococcus pyogenes
84
Scarlet fever is caused by __________ _______ produced by streptococcus pyogenes.
pyogenic exotoxin A
85
______ _______ is caused by pyogenic exotoxin A produced by streptococcus pyogenes.
Scarlet fever
86
Scalded skin syndrome is caused by the _______toxin produced by staphylococcus aureus.
exfoliative
87
Exfoliative toxin produced by staphylococcous aureus attacks the _________ protein.
desmoglein
88
________ is the protein that connects the stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum layers of the epidermis.
Desmoglein
89
________ _________ ________ is caused by the exfoliative toxin produced by staphylococcus aureus.
Scalded skin syndrome
90
Desmoglein is the protein that connects the stratum spinosim and stratum ________ layers of the epidermis.
granulosum
91
______ ______ is the culprit for ringworm, or erythmatous rings with a central clearing.
Tinea corporis
92
Tinea corporis is the culprit for _______, or erythmatous rings with a central clearing.
ringworm
93
The treatment for scabies includes ______, malathion, and lindane.
permethrin
94
The treatment for scabies includes permethrin, ______, and lindane.
malathion
95
The treatment for scabies includes permethrin, malathion, and _______.
lindane
96
Sporothrix schenckii can be grown on _______ agar.
Sabouraud
97
The drug of choice for the treatment of _________ is sodium stibogluconate.
Leishmaniasis
98
The drug of choice for the treatment of Leishmaniasis is ________ _________.
sodium stibogluconate
99
_________ is transmitted by sandflies that inject promastigotes into the skin.
Leishmaniasis
100
Leishmaniasis is transmitted by ___________ that inject promastigotes into the skin.
sandflies
101
Leishmaniasis is transmitted by sandflies that inject __________ into the skin.
promastigotes
102
__________ is diagnosed by the presence of macrophages containing amastigotes.
Leishmaniasis
103
Leishmaniasis is diagnosed by the presence of macrophages containing _________.
amastigotes
104
While relatively harmless in children, ________ can cause aplastic crisis in immunocompromised patients.
parvovirus B19
105
While relatively harmless in children, parvovirus B19 can cause ________ _______ in immunocompromised patients.
aplastic crisis
106
________ _____ is the clinical name for infection with parvovirus B19.
Erythema infectiosum
107
Erythema infectiosum is the clinical name for infection with ________ _____.
parvovirus B19
108
________ is the only single stranded DNA virus.
Parvovirus
109
Parvovirus is the only _____ stranded DNA virus.
single
110
Rubella belongs to the family _______.
togaviridae
111
Measles belongs to the family _________.
paramyxovirus
112
_______ has a characteristic maculopapular rash that starts at the head/neck and spreads downward.
Measles
113
One of the biggest complications of _______ is the development of subacute pansclerosing encephalitis.
measles
114
_________ _______ _______ fever presents with a rash that characteristically starts at the wrists and ankle, and spreads to the palms and soles.
Rocky mountain spotted
115
_________ ________ is a roundworm that classically causes elephantiasis.
Wuchereria bancrofti
116
Wuchereria bancrofti is a roundworm that classically causes __________.
elephantiasis
117
________________ causes a painful blister that usually develops on the lower limbs.
Guinea-worm disease (Dracunliasis)
118
Guinea-worm disease (Dracunliasis) causes a painful blister that usually develops on the -_______ limbs.
lower
119
_________ is the fungus that is the most common cause of intertrigo infections.
Candida
120
Candida is the fungus that is the most common cause of _________ infections.
intertrigo
121
Clindamycin, Tetracycline, and TMP/SMX are (bacteriocidal/bacteriostatic?) drugs.
bacteriostatic
122
Azoles work by inhibiting __________ which converts lanosterol to ergosterol.
cytochrome P450
123
Amphotericin B works by binding to _________ and forming pores in the fungal membrane.
ergosterol
124
____________ works by binding to ergosterol and forming pores in the fungal membrane.
Amphotericin B
125
Human bites should always be treated with _____________ as these bites almost always cause infection.
amoxicillin/clavulanate
126
_______ bites should always be treated with amoxicillin/clavulanate as these bites almost always cause infection.
Human
127
TMP/SMX should be added to the treatment of _______ that has gone systemic.
cellulitis
128
_________ should be added to the treatment of cellulitis that has gone systemic.
TMP/SMX
129
_______ organisms are a group of gram negative bacteria that are the unusual causes of infective endocarditis.
HACEK
130
HACEK organisms are a group of gram _______ bacteria that are the unusual causes of infective endocarditis.
negative
131
HACEK organisms are a group of gram negative bacteria that are the unusual causes of ______ _______.
infective endocarditis
132
_________ _______ is a special cause of cellulitis in those that have been immersed in fresh water.
Edwardsiella tarda
133
Edwardsiella tarda is a special cause of cellulitis in those that have been immersed in _____ water.
fresh
134
_________ is a gram negative organism that belongs to the HACEK group and it is found in normal human oral flora.
Eikenella
135
Eikenella is a gram negative organism that belongs to the HACEK group and it is found in normal human ______ ______.
oral flora
136
The________ region is a common site of cellulitis in children.
periorbital
137
The periorbital region is a common site of _______ in children.
cellulitis
138
Cellulitis usually presents in the ______ limbs and diabetic and obese patients are at highest risk.
lower
139
Cellulitis usually presents in the lower limbs and ________ and obese patients are at highest risk.
diabetic
140
________ is more superficial and presents with markedly raised areas while cellulitis is more deep.
Erysipelas
141
Erysipelas is more superficial and presents with markedly raised areas while _______ is more deep.
cellulitis
142
________ presents with vesicles that break to form characterisitic 'honey-crusted' lesions.
Impetigo
143
Impetigo presents with vesicles that break to form characterisitic _________ lesions.
'honey-crusted'
144
Impetigo is usually caused by _______ organisms.
streptococcal
145
_______ is an ulcerating pyoderma caused by GAS.
Ecthyma
146
Ecthyma is an ulcerating pyoderma caused by ____.
GAS
147
Cellulitis usually presents in the lower limbs and diabetic and ________ patients are at highest risk.
obese
