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20 Flashcards

1
Q

symbiosis

A

two bros live together

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2
Q

mutualism

A

both benefits (lichens)

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3
Q

commensalism

A

one benefits, other doesn’t

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4
Q

normal microbiota

A

permanently colonize the host
FUCK ADD LATER

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5
Q

transient microbiota

A

may be there for a few days/weeks/months

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6
Q

parasitism

A

one good one bad
all microbial pathogens

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7
Q

opportunistic pathogens

A

normal microbes but will fuck shit up once things go south.
ex e coli

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8
Q

parasite

A

cause of infectious disease

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9
Q

infection

A

multiplication of microbes on/in body with no symptoms

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10
Q

disease

A

impairment of health with signs

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11
Q

symptom

A

change in function that is felt as a result of disease, subjective

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12
Q

sign

A

change in body that can be measured as a result of disease
ex- fever

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13
Q

syndroms

A

specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany disease

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14
Q

dose (n)

A

number of microbes one encounters

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15
Q

resistance (r)

A

host immunity

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16
Q

severity of infection equation (D)

A

nv/r

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17
Q

infective dose (ID)

A

minimal number of microbes necessary for infection

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18
Q

virulence effect on infective dose

A

more virulent= lower ID

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19
Q

lethal dose 50

A

number of microbes needed to kill 50% of organisms infected with it

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20
Q

pathogenicity

A

ability to cause disease

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21
Q

virulence

A

measure of pathogenicity

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22
Q

defensive strat

A

allow microbes to escape destruction
adhesins, capsules, antigenic variation, etc

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23
Q

offensive ermmmmm

A

antibiotics?

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24
Q

adherence

A

allows to stick

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25
capsules (what it made of)
Glycocalyx around the cell wall * Impair phagocytosi
26
adhesins
allows pathogen to stick to receptors in host ex glycocalyx, fimbriae
27
biofilms
communities that share communities
28
antigenic variation
pathogens alter their surface antigen to overcome antibodies
29
m protein
resist phagocytosis in strep pyogenes
30
opa
protien that allows attachment to host cells in n gonorrhoeae
31
waxy lipid/ mycolic
resist digestion in tuberculosis
32
coagulases
coagulate fibrinogen- make blood clots
33
kinases
digest fibrin clots
34
hyaluronidase
digest polysaccharides that hold cells together
35
collagenase
break down collagen
36
iga proteases
destroy iga antibodies
37
predisposing factors
make body more susceptible to disease
38
microbial disease steps
incubation, prodromal, illness, decline convalesence
39
local infection
pathogens limited to small area ex boil, abscess, pimple
40
systemic infection
An infection throughout the body – measlesis
41
bacteremia
bacteria in vlood
42
septicemia
growth of bacteria in the blood
43
primary infection
acute infection that causes ilnital illness
44
secondary infection
opportunistic infection after primary
45
endemic
refry found at steady level in location
46
sporadic
occasionally happen, unpredicable
47
epidemic
sudden incerese in morbidity and mortality above norm
48
pandemic
across continents
49
communicable diseases
that can spread
50
contagious disease
easily spread
51
incidence
number of new cases in a defined period of time
52
prevalence
number of people in a pop having a specific disease at a given time
53
herd imunity
indirect protection bc pop is mostly immune
54
ro
number of cases one case can generate over course of of infection
55
r0 accounts for
transit, FINISH
56
if R0 is over 1
epidemic
57
iff R0 is qual to 1
endemic
58
If R0 is less than 1
epidemic will disappear
59
aspects of microbial disease
pathogen, fuck
60
reservoir
where you will find pathogen
61
example of reservoirs
humans (all conditions), annuals, nonliving
62
cycle of microbial disease
pathogen reservoir transmission portal of entry portal of exit
63
zoonoses
disease in animals
64
transmission
mechanism the shit is spread from reservoir to person
65
portals of entry
mucous membrane skin parenteral route (dropped right into tissue when barrier are penetrated)
66
portals of exit
respiratory tract gastrointestinal tract genitourinary tract
67
immune system
recognize and destroy foreign antigen
68
2 major componentsof immune system
nonspecific/innate specific/adaptive
69
immune status
varies determines outcome of infection
70
immune repsonce problems
allergies, autoimmune disease, transplant
71
primary immune structures
bone marrow, thymus
72
blood cells are made in
bone marrow
73
white blood cells
leukocytes
74
granulocytes
part of innate response
75
neutrophils
key phagocytic cells
76
arganulocytes
both adaptive and response
77
monocytes
key phagocytic cells, innate response
78
lymphocytes
crucial cells of adaptive response
79
t lymphocytes
T- helper (TH), cells, cytotoxic (Tc) cells
80
b lymphocytes
– B lymphocytes, producers of antibodies
81
secondary immune structure
spleen, tonsils, adenoids, lymph nodes, Peters patch
82
innate defenses
block microbes from entry, helps eliminate those that have entered
83
innate differs
present since birth (not a result of infection), against type of microbe, not specifics
84
specific immunity includes
lymphocytes, antigens, humoral immunity, cell mediate immunity
85
humoral immunity
production of antibodies (specific!!) from b lymp, aided by helper T cells
86
activated lymphocytes become
plasma cells
87
memory B cells
stay inside organism and give life long immunity
88
active immunization
gaining immunity from recovering forma disease
89
artificial imunity
from vaccine
90
immune serum/ immunoglobulin
preformed antibodies from human or animal source- short lived, for immediate protection
91
serum sickness
immune reaction against antibodies that are put in
92
Microbial Ecology
Study of interactions between organisms and their environment
93
Goal of Ecology:
Determine which organisms are living in a particular environment (who) and what are they doing there?
94
offensive Strats
Enzymes: coagulases, kinases, hyaluronidase, collagenase, IgA proteases – Exotoxins – Endotoxin
95
toxemia
Toxins in the blood
96
antigen
forgiven substance that enters your body

microbio (21 decks)

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