ch 17

Question 1

viruses characteristics

Answer 1

non motile, rna or dna, acellular, visible under electron microscopy, not alive, small asf, abundant

Question 2

capsid

Answer 2

portion coat, may have spikes

Question 3

obligate intracellular parasite

Answer 3

must replicate inside host

Question 4

what can viruses infect

Answer 4

all living organisms

Question 5

strains

Answer 5

differ in virulence and antigenic properties

Question 6

varient

Answer 6

altered genotype, but does same thing

Question 7

virus classified

Answer 7

host, size and shape, envelope, nucleic acid, disease caused

Question 8

host range is determined by

Answer 8

specific host attachment sites and cell factors for multiplication

Question 9

zoonosis

Answer 9

animal virus that jumps to human

Question 10

virion

Answer 10

ready to infect host cell

Question 11

virion parts

Answer 11

nucleic acid- DNA/RNA, singe or double, linear or circular
protein coat- capsid
envelope- extra capsid layer (maybe), from host

Question 12

nuceleocapsid

Answer 12

nucleic acid plus capsid

Question 13

spikes on viruses are - for -

Answer 13

spiky protein for attachment

Question 14

capsid shapes

Answer 14

icosahedral or helical

Question 15

enveloped viruses appear

Answer 15

spherical

Question 16

how to viruses acquire envelopes

Answer 16

steal plasma membrane and proteins from host

Question 17

budding

Answer 17

developing a virion

Question 18

complex viruses

Answer 18

capsid with additional structures
ex bacteriophage

Question 19

helical virus

Question 20

polyhedral virus

Answer 20

Many sided – 20 equilateral triangular faces
– Example: adenovirus and poliovirus

Question 21

virions encode info to make proteins for

Answer 21

structure, attachment, replication modifications of nucleic acids

Question 22

class I

Answer 22

dsDNA

Question 23

class II

Answer 23

ssDNA

Question 24

class III

Answer 24

dsRNA

Question 25

class IV

Answer 25

+ssRNA

Question 26

class V

Answer 26

-ssRNA

Question 27

class VI

Answer 27

ssRNA-RT

Question 28

class VII

Answer 28

dsDNA-RT

Question 29

positive nucleic acid polarity

Answer 29

virus can act as mRNA

Question 30

-viridae

Answer 30

virus family name

Question 31

viral species

Answer 31

"common name" group of viruses sharing the same genetic info and ecological niche

Question 32

virus infection cycle

Answer 32

1.attachment/absorption 2.entry- fusion/endocytosis 3. uncoating 4. biosynthesis- make parts 5. maturation- assemble 6.release

Question 33

eclipse periods

Answer 33

bn attachment and release

Question 34

If host has high glucose, virus will be

Answer 34

lytic (replicate in cell, take over, go crazy)

Question 35

If host has low glucose, virus will be

Answer 35

lysogenic (incorporate into genome)

Question 36

animal virus cell attachment

Answer 36

bind to receptor on host (glycolipids or glycoproteins)

Question 37

dsDNA virus

Answer 37

use host cell machinery directly, need to enter nucleus

Question 38

episomes

Answer 38

circular DNA, virus genome integrated into host DNA

Question 39

ssDNA

Answer 39

use host cell machinery directly, replicates ssDNA to dsDNA, ssDNA for progeny

Question 40

dsRNA

Answer 40

need RNA replicase replicated as dsRNA

Question 41

ssRNA

Answer 41

need RNA replicase ssRNA- template to make ssRNA+ for progeny occurs in cytoplasm

Question 42

release via

Answer 42

budding or rupture

Question 43

easiest ways to repent viral infection

Answer 43

behavior and vaccination

Question 44

antivirals

Answer 44

not many, target unique viral structure

Question 45

RNA virus mutation rate

Answer 45

higher than DNA viruses

Question 46

drugs (3) that target HIV inhibit

Answer 46

intergrase, entry, reverse transcription, protease

Question 47

detecting viruses via counting

Answer 47

grow and look for plaques and cytopathic effects

Question 48

negri bodies (for rabies and such)

Answer 48

staining inclusion

Question 49

serotyping

Answer 49

antibody test for antibodies

Question 50

molecular methods for viral detection

Answer 50

DNA hybridization, PCR, RT-PCR

Question 51

Genus names end in

Answer 51

-virus

Question 52

treating viruses

Answer 52

Preventing infections (best option?) – Vaccination – Behavior AND DRUGS THAT TARGET STRUCTURE