20

Question 1

fucntions of female reproductive system

Answer 1

• produce sex hormones
• produce functioning gamates (ova)
• support and protect developping embryo
• give birth

Question 2

principle organs of female repro system

Answer 2

• ovaries
• uterine tubes
• uterus
• vagina

Question 3

ovaries anatomy

Answer 3

• paired organs
• about 5 cm long 2 cm wide and 8mm thick
• shrink after menopause
• located near lateral wall of pelvis
• anchored to the uterus by ovarian ligaments
• anchored to pelvic wall by suspensory ligaments
• broad ligament (fold of peritoneum) tents over internal repro structures

Question 4

blood supply to ovaries

Answer 4

ovarian arteries and veins, and the ovarian branch of the uterine artery which arrive through the suspensory ligaments

Question 5

histology of ovaries

Answer 5

germinal epithelium (simple cuboidal)
followed by a layer of CT called the tunica albuginea which surrouds each ovary

Question 6

interior of the ovary is divided into ? (2 parts)

Answer 6

cortex (production of gametes) and medulla (bvs, nerves and lymphatics)

Question 7

oogenesis

Answer 7

=ovum production

• occurs monthly in ovarian follicles (located in cortex)
• part of the ovarian cycle
• cycle
• (before birth) mitosis of oogenium > primary oocyte (diploid)
• (after puberty) meiosis I (controlled by hormones) to produce first polar body and secondary oocyte (haploid)
• IF FERTILIZATION HAPPENS meiosis II happens in tertiary follicle to produce mature gamete and second polar body

Question 8

ovarian cycle phases (2)

Answer 8

folicular phase (preovulatory)
luteal phase (postovulatory)

Question 9

ovarian cycle (happens in cortex)

Answer 9

• primordial follicles - have single layer of follicular cells around oocyte
• primary follicles - have two or more layers of granulosa cells (follicular cells mature to granulosa cells) around egg and zona pellucida
• secondary follicles - now have zona pellucida, many granulosa cells, the presence of an antrum (filled w follicular fluid), basement membrane and theca interna and externa cells
• pressure built up by fluid inside the antrum along with enzymes in the cortex breaks the basement membrane of teritary/ovulating/Graafian follicle - releasing the oocyte (takes some cells w it)
• once eggs released have 24-48 to fertilize before it dies
• remaining cells transform into corpus luteum (secretes progesterone and minimal estrogen)
• if no fertilization - corpus luteum becomes corpus albicans (through phagocytosis by immune cells) so can restart cycle

Question 10

zona pellucida

Answer 10

• specialized glycoprotein matrix that surrounds developping oocyte
• formed by secretions from oocyte and granulosa cells

Question 11

ovulation (requires?)

Answer 11

requires LH surge

Question 12

uterine (fallopian) tubes anatomy

Answer 12

• 10-13 cm long
• where fertilization happens
• divided into three parts: infundibulum, ampulla and isthmus - differnentiable by muscle layer

Question 13

ectopic pregnancy

Answer 13

when embryo attaches somewhere that is not the uterus

-often occurs in the uterine tubes

Question 14

histology of uterine tubes

Answer 14

3 layers:

• mucosa - ciliated and non-ciliated simple columnar
• muscularis - inner circular and outer longitudinal
• serosa

Question 15

tubal pregancy

Answer 15

happens when egg can not make its way to through the uterine tubes to the uterus

Question 16

infection during pregnancy

Answer 16

can harm placenta, embryo, cause premature labour, lead to birth abnormalities, etc

Question 17

infundibulum

Answer 17

• funnel shapped distal end that opens into the peritoneal cavity
• has fimbrae - finger-like projections
• functions to catch egg after its ovulated

Question 18

ampulla

Answer 18

-whre fertillization normally occurs

longest and widest portion of tube

Question 19

isthmus

Answer 19

• proximal portion of tube

- passes through uterine wall and opens into lumen of uterus