30

Question 1

3 stages of labour

Answer 1

• dilation
• expulsion
• placental

Question 2

neonatal period

Answer 2

• birth - 1 month
• transition from fetus to neonate
• see major changes in the body systems as they begin to function independently

Question 3

APGAR scores

Answer 3

A - appearance (skin colour)
P - pulse (HR) 
G - grimace (reflexes) 
A - muscle tone 
R - respiration 

predictor of new born survival and presence of neurological damage

Question 4

goal of labour

Answer 4

parturition

Question 5

hormonal events around labor

Answer 5

oxytocin: increases alot - promotes myometrial contractions and helps narrow and open the cervix. oxytocin stimulated by the pressure on the cervix/pelvis
- also has a role in milk production and secretion
- uterus becomes more sensative to oxytocin around labor

endorphins: help deal with the pain of pregnancy - make you feel alert and awake and promote the connection between mother and baby

adrenaline can be produced: affects labor badly

prolactin: essential to breast milk production and plays role in moving birth along
prostaglandins: role in inducing labor and contractions

Question 6

false labour

Answer 6

• eperience contractions but not actually going into labor
• way of preparing
• can happen as ealry as 4 months

Question 7

dilation

Answer 7

• begins with onset of true labor
• cervix dilates
• fetus begins to move down cervial canal
• late in stage - amnion ruptures (water breaks)

Question 8

expulsion

Answer 8

• begins as cervix dilates completely
• completed when fetus is out of vagina
• ease of delivery is affected by the size of the pelvic outlet and fetal skull

Question 9

epistomy

Answer 9

-occurs in expulsion stage to enlarge the passageway for the baby if the vaginal canal is too small or if there is dnager of perineal tearing

Question 10

C-section

Answer 10

• if labor is slpw or if complications arise the baby may be removed by a Cesarean section (c section)
• an incision is made through the abdominal wall and the uterus is opened enough to allow passage of the infants head

Question 11

placental labor

Answer 11

• muscle tension builds in the empty uterus
• uterine contraction tears the connection between the endometrium and the placenta
• ends with ejection of placenta (after birth)

Question 12

placentophagy

Answer 12

consumption of the placenta

Question 13

Apgar - A (1)

Answer 13

0 - pale blue
1 - pink body, pale blue extremities
2 - entire body is pink

Question 14

blue baby syndrome

Answer 14

indicative of cyanotic heart defect (hole in interstitial septum, tricuspid atresia)

Question 15

Apgar - P

Answer 15

0 - absent
1 - < 100
2 - > 100

Question 16

Apgar - G

Answer 16

0 - no reaction
1 - facial movement only
2 - pulls away, cough, sneezes, vigorous cry

Question 17

Apgar - A (2)

Answer 17

0 - muscles are loose and floppy
1 - some tone muscles
2 - active motion

Question 18

Apgar - R

Answer 18

0 - absent
1 - slow, irregular
2 - good, crying

Question 19

transition from fetus to neonate - lungs

Answer 19

fetus: lungs are collapsed and nonfunctional

birth: lungs filling with air involves massive first breath from neonate
- expansion of the lungs alters cardiovascular circulation

Question 20

transition from fetus to neonate - circulatory system

Answer 20

• alterations in blood pressure and flow rate
• closure of the ducts arteriosus (ligamentum arteriosum) - aorta
• closure of foramen ovale (fossa ovalis) - right atrium
• completes pulmonary and systemic circuts

Question 21

transition from fetus to neonate - urinary system

Answer 21

• kidneys arent capable of concntrating urine to a significant degree compared to an adult bc of size (~5cm) and perfusion (blood passage)
• urinary losses are high, fluid requirements are much greater
• risk of dehydration

Question 22

transition from fetus to neonate - body temp

Answer 22

• don’t have good control over body temp yet

- especially if cold