21

Question 1

uterus anatomy

Answer 1

• located behind the bladder and infront of the rectum

- 7.5 cm long, 4.5 cm wide, 3 cm thick

Question 2

anteverted uterus

Answer 2

uterus tilted forward at the cerix towards the adbomen

Question 3

retroverted uterus

Answer 3

uterus tilted backwards at the cervix

Question 4

regions of the uterus

Answer 4

• fundus
• body
• isthmus
• cervix

Question 5

cervix

Answer 5

• neck of the uterus that projects into the vagina
• ends with the cevical canal
• external oriffice - cervix > vagina
• internal oriffice - uterus > cervix
• *connections between the length of a cervix and problems with pregnancy**

Question 6

histology of uterine wall (3)

Answer 6

consists of three layers:

endometrium (innermost), myometrium and perimetrium (outermost)

Question 7

endometrium

Answer 7

• thin, glandular linning of the uterus
• 10% of mass of uterus
• where embryo implants
• consists of two functional layers:

stratum functionalis - inner layer - contains glands, bvs and is shed during menstration

stratum basalis - deeper layer, where galnds orinate from, formd new functionalis after menstruation

Question 8

myometrium

Answer 8

• middle muscular layer
• made of SM
• 90% mass of uterus
• contract during birth to push baby out

Question 9

perimetrium

Answer 9

• outer serosa layer
• continuous with visceral peritonneum
• provides protection

Question 10

blood supply to uterus

Answer 10

• branches of internal illiac arteries in the pelvis form the uterine arteries
• uterine arteries travel along uterus body sending branches inside:
• uterine > arcuate > radial > straight > spiral

Question 11

supports of uterus

Answer 11

broad ligament and three suspensory ligaments:

• uterosacral ligament: lateral surface of uterus to anterior surface of sacrum (pelvis)
• round ligament: side of uterus, through inguinal canal to external genitalia
• lateral ligaments: base of uterus to lateral walls of pelvis

Question 12

peritoneal folds (2)

Answer 12

• vesicouterine pouch: between baldder and uterus

- rectouterine pouch: between rectum and uterus

Question 13

uterine/menstrual cycle

Answer 13

• repeating series of changes in the endometrium
• continues from menarche to menopause
• 3 phases:

menses: degeneration of endometrium & menstruation

proliferative phase: restoration of endometrium

secretory phase: endometrial glands enlarge and accelerate rates of secretion to prepare for pregnancy (right bfore menses)

Question 14

anatomy of the vagina

Answer 14

• behind bladder infront of rectum
• from cervix to outisde
• 9 cm long (tube)

Question 15

functions of the vagina

Answer 15

• receives penis during intercourse

- passageway for sperm, menstruation and babies

Question 16

fornix

Answer 16

(lateral, anterior and posterior) recesses formed from the protrusion of the cervix into the vagina

Question 17

blood supply to vagina

Answer 17

uterine artery and veins

Question 18

histology of the vagina (3 layers)

Answer 18

mucosa

• stratified squamous epithelium
• produces glycogen which is metabolized by bacteria into lactic acid

muscularis
-inner circular and very thick outer longitudunal layers of SM

adventitia

Question 19

vaginal uterine angle

Answer 19

determines ante/retroflexion

Question 20

external genitalia (other names)

Answer 20

vulva, pudendum

Question 21

mons pubis

Answer 21

adipose tissue overlying pubic bone

Question 22

labia majora

Answer 22

large lips formed from two elongated fatty folds of skin

• homologous to the scrotum
• have sebaceous and sweat glands

Question 23

labia minora

Answer 23

small lips formed from two thin fat free folds of skin

Question 24

vestibule

Answer 24

opening into the vagina

Question 25

greater vestibular glands

Answer 25

- two pea sized glands on both sides of the vaginal opening | - homologous to the bulbourethral glands in the male

Question 26

clitoris

Answer 26

- composed of erectile tissue homologous to the corpa cavernosa in the male - prepuce: fold of skin surrounding the clitoris

Question 27

mammary glands

Answer 27

- modified sweat glands - produce and secrete milk - consists of 15-20 lobes that contain the glands - CT septa separate the lobes and function as suspensory ligaments that attach the breast to the underlying muscle and overlying skin (natural support for the breast) - glands > lactiferous ducts > lactiferous sinuses > nipple - areola (darker tissue surrounding nipple)