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anat 216 > 23 & 24 > Flashcards

23 & 24 Flashcards

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1
Q

external genitalia of male reproductive system

A

scrotum and penis

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2
Q

primary male sex organ

A

testis

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3
Q

male genital ducts

A
  • epididymis
  • vas deferens
  • ejaculatory duct
  • urethra
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4
Q

male genital glands

A
  • seminal vesicles
  • prostate
  • bulbourethral glands
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5
Q

semen is a collection of

A

sperm and the secretions from the three male genital glands

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6
Q

what is an inguinal hernia

A

the protrusion of the abdominal cavity contents through the inguinal canal
-often see hernia’s in males because of the soft spot from where their balls dropped

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7
Q

spermatic cord function

A

-keeps testes hanging in scrotal sac

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8
Q

spermatic cord contains:

5

A
  • genitofemoral nerve
  • deferential artery
  • ductus deferens
  • pampiform plexus (network of collecting veins)
  • testicular artery
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9
Q

scrotal layers

4

A
  • skin
  • dartos muscle
  • superficial scrotal fascia
  • creamaster muscle
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10
Q

fucntion of the testes

A
  • produce gamates (sperm)

- secrete testosterone (sex hormone - responsible for spermatogenesis and secondary male sex characteristics)

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11
Q

function of genital ducts

A

store and transport sperm

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12
Q

gential (accessory) glands function

A

secretes substances that nourish the sperms

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13
Q

external genitalia function

A
  • penis: copulation

- scrotum: protects testes

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14
Q

dartos muscle

A
  • smooth muscle
  • tonic contractions give the scrotum its wrinkled look
  • when these fibers are relaxed - scrotum is smooth
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15
Q

septum

A

-consists of subcutaneous tissue in the center - divides into two parts - each containing one testis

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16
Q

cremaster muscle

A
  • skeletal muscle
  • controls the position of the scrotum and testes
  • when its cold/man is secually aroused - contract to pull testes closer to body
  • help propel sperm out of body
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17
Q

optimal temperature for sperm development

A
  • 2 degreed below body temp

- controlled by muscles

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18
Q

descent of the testes

A
  • testes pulled down from the abdominal cavity, taking inguinal canal and other structures w them
  • origionally near kidney (intra abdominal cavity)
  • during third trimester move to abdominal wall and take pocket of peritoneal cavity w them accompanied by ductus deferens, bvs, nerves and lymphatics
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19
Q

cryptorchidism

A

absence of one or both testes from the scrotum

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20
Q

testes anatomy

A
  • small oval organ located in the scrotum
  • suspended by spermatic cord
  • 4 cm long, 2.5 cm wide
  • tunica albuginea (fibrous capsule) surrounds the testes
  • tunica vaginalis (extension of peritoneum) covers the albuginea
  • 250-300 lobules in the testes (loose ct, lots of bvs)
  • seminiferous tubules are within lobules
  • septa separate the lobules
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21
Q

internal layers of testis

A
  • seminiferous tubule
  • straight tubule
  • rete testes
  • epididymis
  • vas deferens
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22
Q

external layers of testes

A
  • tunica vaginalis (2 layers - contain scrotal cavity space)
  • tunica albugenia
  • testis (septa & lobules)
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23
Q

seminiferous tubules gross anatomy

A
  • contain the spermatogenic cells
  • 80 cm long, total length in both testes = 0.5 miles
  • spermatogenesis begins at puberty
  • men produce approximately 400 million sperm per day
  • spermatogenesis never stops once its started (men continually produce sperm)
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24
Q

Leydig cells

A
  • aka interstitial cells
  • located adjacent to the seminiferous tubules
  • synthesize testosterone
  • have round vesicular nuclei
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25
sertoli cells
- aka nurse cells - extend from basal lamina to lumen - connected to each other by tight junctions - FORM BLOOD TESTES BARRIER - nourish and transport spematogenic cells - secretions (inhibin and ABP) regulate spermatogenesis
26
spermatogenesis
- starts w spermatogonia (diploid) - stem cells - located on basal lamina - they under go mitosis to make a primary spermatocyte (diploid) - then the primary spermatocytes undergo the 1st meiotic division to produce 2 seconday spermatocytes (haploid) - then the secondary spermatocytes undergo the 2nd meiotic division to produce spermatid (haploid) - the spermatid then undergo spermiogenesis (no differentiation just maturation) to become spermatozoa (haploid) - stimulated by LH, FSH and testosterone
27
head of sperm
contains nucelus and acrosome (bag of enzymes)
28
neck of sperm
connects head to midpeice and contains cellular components that form the flagellum
29
midpiece of sperm
forms base of tail and contains mictochondrial meshwork
30
tail of sperm
source of movement for the sperm - flagella
31
blood supply to testes
- testicular arteries - branches of abdominal aorta | - testicular veins - pampiform plexus around arteris
32
male duct system contains: | 4
- epididmyis - vas deferens - ejaculatory duct - urethra
33
epididymis gross anatomy | where and three parts
- located in scrotum btwn seminiferous tubules and vas deferens - approx 23 ft long - head (caput): upper part that forms cap around upper part of testes - contains and receives sperm from seminiferous tubules - body (corpus): middle part behind testes - contains duct - tail (cauda): lower part - continuous w vas deferens - stores sperm
34
epididymis histology
- pseudostratified columnar epithelium w stereocilia | - sm - peristalic contractions
35
epididymis function (3)
- monitor and adjust fluid composition from seminiferous tubules - recycle damaged sperm - storage and functional maturation of sperm
36
ductus deferens gross anatomy
- from epididymis to ejaculatory ducts - 45 cm - forms ejaculatory duct w seminal vesicle - just before prostate - becomes ampulla (enlarged portion) - empties into prostatic urethra - thick layer of SM - propels sperm during ejaculation
37
ductus deferens histology
- pseudostratified columnar epithelium w sterocilia - lamina propria - muscularis: SM- inner longitudinal, middle circular and outer longitudinal layers
38
urethra gross anatomy & histology
- shared w urinary system - 15-20 cm - simple columnar epithelium - 3 parts: prostatic, membranous and penile
39
ductus deferens function
storage and transport of sperm
40
seminal vesicles gross anatomy
- posterior surface of bladder in front of rectum - large coiled tubular glands - contributes 60% of volume of semen - join with ductus deferens to become ejaculatory ducts - sperm and seminal fluid are mixed in the ejaculatory ducts
41
seminal vesicles histology
-pseudostratified columnar or cuboidal depending on testosterone levels
42
seminal vesicles function
- secrete yellowish viscous alkaline fluid that contains fructose, abscorbic acid, coagulating enzymes called clotting proteins and prostaglandins - supports sperm - sperm start to become mobile here
43
prostate gland gross anatomy
- single gland | - consists of 30-50 tubular glands embedded in a mass of SM and ct
44
prostate histology
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
45
prostate function
- produces and secretes prostatic fluid - 1/3 of seminal fluid - secretion is milky, pH 7.8 and contains seminalplasmin which is an antibiotic and citrate which helps the sperm become active
46
bulbourethral galnds gross anatomy
- aka cowpers glands | - two pea sized glands located immediately below the prostate in the base of the penis
47
bulbourethral galnds histology
simple columnar epithelium
48
bulbourethral glands function
secrete thick clear alkaline mucus that drains into the penile urethra -secretions released before ejaculation to nutralize traces of acidic urine in the urethra and to lubricate the urethra/penis
49
semen
- mix of sperm and accessory gland secretions - provides transport, nutrition, activation and protection for sperm - ejaculate volume is 2-5 ml containing 20-100 million sperm per ml - 60% seminal vesicles, 30% prostate, 5% sustentacular cells, 5% bulbourethral glands - clotting protein function - fibrinolysin functions to liquify the semen
50
penis gross anatomy
- urinary and reproductive functions - copularoty organ - consits of three parts - root, body and glans
51
root of penis
fixed portion that attaches penis to ischium
52
body of penis
- tubular moveable portion of the penis - consits of the erectile tissue - contains the urethra
53
erectile tissue
- 3D maze of vascular channels separated by partitions of SM - flaccid: bvs are constricted and the SM partitions are tense - reducing blood flow to erectile tissue by bypassing it - erect: parasympathetic stimulation - SM relaxes, vessels dialate and blood flows into the vascular channels engorging the cylinders of erectile tissue causing the penis to become erect
54
glans of penis
- expanded distal end | - surrounds urethral meatus
55
corpora cavernosa of penis
- two erectile cylinders on the dorsal surface of penis - makes up most of mass of penis - crura (proximal portion) is attached to bony pelvis by ischiocavernosus muscle
56
corpus spongiosum
- surrounds urethra - distal end expands from glands - proximal end is enlarged - called bulb of penis - bulbs covered by bulbospongiosus muscle - secures it to the urogenital diaphragm
57
blood supply to penis
deep and dorsal arteries and veins
58
major steps in erectile process
1) erotogenic stimuli cause sensory nerves to fire 2) sensory nerves activate reproductive behaviour center in hypothalamus 3) stimulation of parasympathetic nerves that innervate penile arterioles 4) parasympathetic nerve terminal release nitric oxide 5) nitric oxide causes release of biochemical cascade that causes an erection
59
erection requires
- elevated arterial blood inflow - restricted venous outflow - dilation of corporal sinusoids - elevated intrapenile pressure
60
variocele
abnormal enlargement of scrotal vein
61
hydrocele
accumulation of water in the testicular membrane (vaginalis)

anat 216 (11 decks)

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