20 - IFSTA Chapter 20 Flashcards
(380 cards)
1
Q
What are known as the actual procedures and actions to carry out strategies?
A
Tactics
2
Q
Idealy, what is the best rescue approach with an aerial device?
A
Upwind on level ground with no obstructions
3
Q
What are the two advanatges to position an aerial at a corner?
A
Reach victims on two sides and safer on the corner if a structual collapse occurs
4
Q
What is the highest priority of group of victims to rescue?
A
Most severely threatened by conditions of the hazard
5
Q
What is the lowest priority of group of victims to rescue?
A
People in exposed areas
6
Q
What is the best position for an aerial device?
A
When the device is extended, rotated and perpendicular to the objective
7
Q
When using an aerial ladder, where should the first rung of the ladder tip be placed?
A
Even with the windowsill
8
Q
When removing trapped victims from a roof, where should the tip of the aerial ladder be placed?
A
6’ above the roof
9
Q
What method of victim removal is best used for a heavier person who is concious and able to control his/her own movements but not strong enough to descend on his/her own?
A
Knee-sit
10
Q
Which NFPA provides guidance for rope and hardware for lifting a load?
A
1983
11
Q
If rope is passed through the pulley with the working end anchored to something other than the ladder itself, what happens to the load on the device?
A
It becomes twice the weight of the load on the other device
12
Q
What ppe must all personnel have if working near water?
A
PFD
13
Q
Where should the driver/operator position the aerial when providing ventilation for a flat roof?
A
On the unburned side, as close as possible from the area being ventilated
14
Q
Elevated master streams are most commonly used in what type of fire attack?
A
Defensive
15
Q
What is known as an aggressive attack of a fire from the exterior with a large diameter fire stream?
A
Blitz attack
16
Q
How much weight to the structure does 200 gpm add?
A
2000 lbs
17
Q
If only one master stream nozzle is available, how should the stream be managed between the fire building and the exposure?
A
It should be alternated
18
Q
When does a fog stream ineffective?
A
High winds
19
Q
When using the aerial to rescue victims from an aircraft, where should the device be positioned?
A
So the aerial reaches the leading edge of the wing
20
Q
What is the most effective way to perform a blitz attack?
A
Defelect water off the ceiling of the fire room
21
Q
Any driver/operator who is operating an aerial apparatus that is equipped with or without a pump is required to also meet the requirements of what standard?
A
NFPA 1001
22
Q
What is the NFPA standard on comprehensive occupational medical program for fire departments?
A
NFPA 1582
23
Q
Which NFPA standard contains a list of frequencies that a driver/operator must be able to hear?
A
NFPA 1582
24
Q
Where is the most common place for a collision to occur?
A
Intersection
25
What should a driver/operator maintain in order to lower the chances of being involed in a collision?
Situational awareness
26
The water tank should be at what level to provide better braking and subsequent road surface traction?
Full tank
27
What two NFPA standards establish requirements for seat belt use on fire apparatus?
NFPA 1901, 1500
28
What light comes on in the dash when the exhaust system is very hot?
HEST indicator
29
After a driver/operator continues to ignore an empty DEF tank, the apparatus may be limited to what speed?
5 mph
30
An idle time of what is usually sufficient to return a hot engine to normal operating temperature?
3 - 5 minutes
31
What is the angle of approach?
Angle formed by level ground and a line from the point where the front tires touch the ground to the lowest projection at the front of the apparatus
32
What is the angle of departure?
Angle formed by level ground and a line from the point where the rear tires touch the ground to the lowest projection at the rear of the apparatus
33
What is the breakover angle?
Angle formed by level ground and a line from the point where the rear tires touch the ground to the bottom of the frame at the wheelbase midpoint
34
NFPA 1901 requires what in every apparatus?
Placard that lists vehicle weight in feet and tons
35
At what speed may an emergency vehicle outrun the effective range of its audible warning device?
50 mph
36
When more than one emergency vehicle is responding along the same route, they should travel what distance appart?
300 - 500 feet
37
NFPA 1500 requires responding apparatus to do what before proceeding through an intersection?
Come to a complete stop
38
NFPA 1901 requires that all apparatus with a GVWR of what, be equipped with an auxiliary braking system?
36,000 lb
39
What is the least capable of the four auxiliary brake devices?
Exhaust brakes
40
All fire apparatus training and testing should follow what NFPA standard?
NFPA 1451
41
the best rescue approach is made from
upwind on level grade and without obstructions.
42
If possible, the driver/operator should position aerial apparatus used for rescue at the corner of the building. There are two advantages to positioning on a corner:
You can reach victims on 2 sides of the building, you are safer on the corner in the event of a collapse.
43
If a rescue is to be made from an area threatened by fire, hoselines can be used to protect the victims, rescuers, and the aerial device. The prefered procedure is to
The preferred procedure is to use a wide-angle fog stream
44
In situations that require using aerial apparatus for rescue, the main objective is to
reach as many victims or points of egress as possible with a minimum number of aerial movements.
45
Highest priority for rescues should be given to
Those who are in the greatest amount of real or perceived danger
46
Which occupants of a structure are typically in the greatest danger?
occupants located on or immediately above the fire floor
47
rescuers should give preference to individuals who are
in a panicked state and appear ready to jump if they do not see that help is imminent.
48
When two or more groups of victims appear to be in the same amount of danger. Which one should be rescued first?
the larger of the two groups should have the aerial device extended to them first
49
When extending the aerial to the roof to the assist with ventialtion
Extend the fly sections so that a minimum of 6 feet protrudes over the edge of the roof.
50
The best position for rescues is one in which
the extended and rotated aerial device is perpendicular to the objective
51
If an aerial ladder is designed to be used in the unsupported position
the tip should be placed above the target spot according to the manufacturer’s recommendation.
52
In many cases, optimum positioning is not possible, and the aerial ladder must be extended toward the objective spot at an angle. extend the ladder so that the
beam on the building side of the ladder is above and over the objective
53
When maneuvering any aerial device to reach a victim trapped in an elevated position, the aerial device should initially be
aimed above the victim and then lowered
54
When removing trapped victims from a roof the tip of the aerial ladder should be placed
so that at least 6 feet extends above the edge of the roof
55
A firefighter should always lead the adult victim down the ladder.
Lead victims down the ladder
56
When rescuing conscious victims with an aerial platform. With the top railing positioned level with the windowsill or balcony railing
The top railing should be positioned level with the windowsill or balcony railing
57
How many firefighters are required to move an unconcsious victim onto an aerial platform?
2
58
Victims jumping onto the aerial device
can cause catastrophic failure.
59
What might an aerial be equipped with to be used for rope rescue operation?
lifting eye
60
When providing access for ventilating a flat roof, the driver/operator should position the aerial apparatus on the unburned side of the structure as close as possible to the area being ventilated.
on the unburned side of the structure
61
What represents the overall plans needed to successfully mitigate an emergency and terminate an incident?
Operational strategies
62
Which of these is not an operational strategy consideration?
Weather
63
What are the actual procedures and actions taken to seccessfully carry out strategies?
Tactics
64
What allows for early and correct aerial placement?
Communication
65
Where should aerial devices position to avoid products of combustion or toxic vapors?
Upwind
66
What should happen if the aerial device is being used as an emergency escape?
It should not be repositioned
67
What is the advantage of positioning the aerial apparatus on the corner of the building?
It can access two sides
68
Who is given the highest priority for rescue by the aerial device?
Occupants located on or immediately above the fire floor
69
Why is the best position for the aerial device perpendicular to the objective?
Twisting stresses imposed on the aerial are reduced
70
How should the aerial ladder be positioned if it needs to be supported?
Both base rails are evenly in contact with the supporting object
71
How should the aerial device be maneuvered to reach a victim?
The aerial device should be aimed above the victim then lowered to them
72
How should the aerial ladder be positioned at a window for rescue?
The first rung of the ladder tip should be placed even with the window sill
73
How should the aerial platform be positioned at a window for rescue?
The platform should be placed so the top rail of the platform is even with the window sill
74
How should the aerial ladder be positioned for rescue from a roof?
The tip of the aerial ladder should be placed so at least six feet extends above the edge of the roof
75
What is the term for the vertical extension of an exterior wall above the roofline of a building?
Parapet wall
76
What is the term for a wire or plastic basket-type litter suitable for transporting patients and can be used with a harness for lifting?
Stokes basket
77
How many firefighters are prefered for assisting victims in boarding and descending the aerial ladder?
2
78
How should windows be taken out if the wind is blowing across the face of the building?
From downwind to upwind
79
At what rate does water add weight to a structure?
2,000 pounds for every 250 gpm
80
Where should the aerial ladder be positioned when used for large commercial passenger aircraft rescues?
Positioned to the aft of entry doors
81
Aerial deployment is categorized under what type of on scene communication?
Tactical
82
How should the aerial be postioned to avoid products of combustion
upwind
83
An aerial ladder or platform can be used for victim removal if
interior and exterior stairways are not accessable
84
If possible the aerial should be located at a corner, due to collapse potential and
to reach victims from two sides
85
When protecting the aerial or personnel on the ladder from heat/fire what is the safest regarding water usage
cool using a wide fog
86
To remove victims from a window using a platform when off center, postion the platform
at an angle to the window either in front or behind
87
Upon arrival of aerial, if a group of victims are to be removed via aerial ladder, position the turn table
directly in line with victims
88
To prioritize victim removal, which is first priority
most threatened by hazard
89
What type of aerial ladder should be raised above target for victim removal
unsupported
90
When performing a rescue with aerial ladder, the ladder should be in what positon at the window
first rung even with sill
91
What is the easiest postion of a platform aerial for victim removal
over the top rail
92
Where should an aerial ladder be placed for a roof rescue
at least 6 feet above roof edge
93
If encountered on a roof, this type of wall may require a roof ladder for access from an aerial
parapet
94
When moving a victim onto an aerial with 2 fire fighters, where should they be utilized
inside the building and on the tip of aerial
95
The "knee-sit" method for what kind of victim removal down a ladder
conscious able to control movements
96
For every 250gpm flowing into a structure, how much water weight is being added per minute
2000 lbs
97
During aircraft rescues, you may use the aerial apparatus to…
Gain access to the aricraft and to remove any victims
98
Because heat is transmitted through water, to protect exposures with a hose line it is best to do what with the stream
apply directly to the exposure
99
When using an elevated master stream in a blitz attack…
place nozzle in the lower portion of the window and direct the stream toward the ceiling.
100
On scene postioning is important because occasionally the most valuable exposure on scene is what
fire apparatus
101
Which of the following is most important for the driver/operator to monitor while rescuing people in hazard areas?
Fire conditions
102
Which of the following will most likely dictate what type of stream should be used at a fire incident?
The fire conditions
103
Which of the following will be a strong indication that victims are in the worst situation during a fire?
Visible fire conditions
104
When positioning the aerial device for a rescue from a window, how must the tip must be positioned in relation to the area of the window opening?
The window opening is not diminished by the tip
105
By directing the master stream at the ceiling of a target fire area, this should penetrate the area without doing what exactly?
Disturbing the thermal layering
106
Where is the typical location that poses the greatest danger for occupants in a building fire?
Floor immediately above the fire
107
Determining which victims are in the most danger is a judgment call made by the incident commander, truck company officer, or who else?
Aerial apparatus driver/operator
108
If an aerial ladder is designed to be used in the unsupported position, where should the tip be positioned when rescuing a victim?
Above the target spot
109
In an ideal situation, where is the best rescue approach made from without obstruction?
Upwind on level grade
110
If an aerial ladder is designed to be used in the supported position, where should the tip be positioned when rescuing a victim?
Resting evenly in contact with the supporting object
111
Which of the following best describes why firefighters should exercise caution when entering a structure that has been subjected to a long-term master stream blitz attack?
Risk of water damage or collapse
112
Which of the following is most likely the purpose for an aerial apparatus to be called to an incident involving an aircraft crash?
To gain access to victims
113
Which of the following most likely affects the chance of an exposure catching fire?
Construction type and proximity of exposure
114
How many firefighters are preferred to assist victims in boarding and descending an aerial ladder during a rescue?
Two
115
Why should there always be a straight forward exit route for apparatus at an incident?
In the event that operations must be abandoned
116
Which group of people should be rescued first if every group appears to be in the same amount of danger?
The larger group
117
Which of the following is most appropriate regarding carrying small children and adults down an aerial ladder?
It should be a last resort
118
Which of the following types of nozzle streams would most likely be adversely influenced by atmospheric or fire created winds?
Fog stream
119
Which method of carrying victims down an aerial ladder requires the firefighter to lace both hands under the victim's body and grasp the handrails?
Across the rails
120
There are three type of communications; on scene communications, tactical communications, and what other type?
Pre arrival communications
121
When ever possible, position the aerial device with the wind where to avoid products of combustion?
Up wind
122
Where is the best positioning on a building for an aerial device?
On the corner
123
What are the three types of communication for a successful aerial operation?
Pre-arrival, on scene, tactical
124
What are the two advantages to positioning an aerial apparatus on the corner?
Reach victims on both sides and safer for structural collapse
125
What is the 1st priority for victim removal with an aerial device?
Severely threatened
126
Where should the turn table be in comparison to the victim?
Perpendicular
127
Where should the tip of the aerial device be in conjunction to the building?
Unsupported tip at the target
128
Why should the ladder tip be raised above the victim then lowered to them?
To prevent the victim from jumping
129
When the tip of an aerial device is at an angle compared to the building , how should it be?
The beam closest to the building should be slightly over the roof line
130
This type of exterior wall is carried above the roof line?
Parapet
131
How should a tower bucket be positioned to a building?
With the door of the basket straight to the building
132
When positioning the tip of the aerial device, how far above the building should it be?
6'
133
Why should victims being removed from the building have a firefighter with them on an aerial device?
To prevent falls
134
What is the preferred way to move larger victims that are conous but not strong enough to walk?
Knee-sit
135
What carry is the most diffacult and requires two firefighters on the ladder?
Over the shoulder
136
How should an aerial device be positioned when braking windows from the tip?
Slightly above and up wind
137
What is it called when you use a 2-1/2" or larger fire stream on a fire?
Blitz attach
138
What should be a concern with a defensive attach?
Water weight causing a collapse
139
What can be used to disrupt the thermal Colum and reduce convection heat?
Fog stream
140
What is a concern about positioning near water?
Unstable or wet ground
141
The driver operator should position aerial apparatus used for rescue where?
Corner of the building
142
Building occupants located where are in the greatest danger?
Fire floor
143
The second priority for rescue is for who?
Largest number of people
144
How many different priorities are there in rescueing victims?
4
145
The driver operator should try to keep the aerial device how in relation to the victims?
Perpendicular
146
When performing a rescue in a window, place the first rung of the ladded where?
Even with the windowsill
147
When approaching a window squarely with the platform, how should you position the platform?
Top rail of the platform even with the windowsill
148
When removing trapped victims from a roof, the tip of the aerial ladder should be placed so that at least how much extends above the edge of the roof?
6 feet
149
How should infants or small children be carried as the firefighter descends the ladder?
Cradled in the firefighter's arm
150
The over-the-shoulder carry is the most difficult and should only be performed with how many firefighters on the ladder?
2
151
If the rope is passed through the pulley with the working end anchored to something other than the ladder itself, the load on the device becomes how much heaver then the weight of the load on the other end of the rope?
2x
152
When an aerial apparatus is used for water rescue and in order to reach the victim, it is usually nescessary to spot the apparatus how close from the water's edge?
A few feet
153
When extending the aerial ladder to the roof how far above the roofline should it be?
6 feet
154
When using the aerial ladder for ventilation of windows on the second floor where should it be positioned?
Slightly above the window and slightly upwind
155
What type of nozzle provides excellent penetration into fire areas?
Solid stream nozzle
156
Water reflection of the ceiling at what angle allows for it to deflect and hit the seat of the fire?
30 degrees
157
Water weight in structural collapse adds weight to the structure at a rate of 2,000 pounds for every how many GPM?
250 GPM
158
Conditions that may affect exposure hazards include all of the following except what?
Age of the building
159
Fog streams may not work due to a variety of conditions except for what?
Low GPM due to low pressure
160
During aircraft rescue fire fighting operations all ladders should be placed where?
To the rear of entry doors
161
Why should the driver not elevate the aerial device to an aircraft?
Aircraft is resting in or near electric lines
162
During aircraft rescue, where should all the ladders be positioned?
To the aft of entry doors
163
What is the second best option for rescuing victims from an aircraft?
Place portable stairs at exit doors of aircraft
164
The stream should not be rotated beyond the safe limits required when using which type of pattern:
Sweep
165
What needs to happen in the event that fire conditions worsen and operations must be abandoned?
Always have a straight forward exit route
166
How could protection from convective fire spread be acomplished?
By large fog streams into thermal column
167
Which practice is dependent upon availability of water, required flow and available resources?
The use of two nozzles from an aerial platform
168
Which of the following is most accurate about fires in severe situations?
Fire could create its own wind conditions
169
Besides fire conditions, what can contribute to exposure fires?
Wind
170
What could help prolong exposed combustible material its resistance to ignition?
Increased moisture content
171
Conduction, convection and radiation are examples of ?
Ways for fire spread to exposures
172
Which tactic can eliminate difficult hose lays up interior stairwells?
The use of aerial as an exterior standpipe
173
Where should the apparatus be positioned if possible to allow to push the fire and convection waves away?
On the unburned side of the building
174
How should elevated master streams be applied when used in a blitz attack?
Only flowed long enough to darken down the fire
175
What is the best way to effect a blitz attack?
Try to deflect water off the ceiling
176
Which tactic carefully places a solid or straight master stream from exterior?
Blitz attack
177
Which is most accurate about directing master stream at the ceiling will penetrate the area?
Without disturbing the thermal layering
178
Who decides the use of aerial master streams?
Incident commander
179
When are elevated master streams most commonly used?
Defensive operations
180
When should the aerial be positioned slightly above the window and slightly to the upwind side?
When doing ventilation
181
Which of the following is not a successful communication style for aerial operations?
Command communication
182
Where on a structure should the aerial be positioned in order to access multiple sides of the building?
The Corner
183
If the aerial ladder is designed to be used in the unsupported position, the tip should be placed where?
Above the target spot
184
What is the purpose of raising the aerial to a point above the victim then lowered to the victim for rescue?
Prevent victim from jumping onto aerial
185
How far above the roof line should an aerial ladder be placed for rescue?
At least 6 feet
186
Where should the ladder tip be placed when rescuing a victim from a window?
Even with the windowsill
187
What is the best tool to utilize when encountering a parapet wall?
Roof ladder
188
If more than two firefighters are available during rescue using an aerial ladder, where should the firefighters be located?
One inside the structure while the others remain on the tip
189
When firefighters are operating on the roof, the driver/operator should positions the ladder how far above the roofline?
At least 6 feet
190
What is the ideal placement of the nozzle attached to an aerial ladder when preforming master stream operations?
Lower portion of the window opening so that the fire stream may be directed upward toward the ceiling
191
What is the ideal angle for a master stream on an aerial flowing into the fire room?
30 degrees
192
Which type of aerial master stream is mostly affected by atmospheric or fire created winds?
Fog streams
193
Which of the following is not a factor in determining the use of two nozzles from an aerial platform?
Number of structures involved
194
What type of stream can be sprayed into a thermal column and help reduce the amount of convection heat that can spread to exposures?
Fog streams
195
When the aerial ladder must be extended toward the objective spot at an angle, where should the tip be positioned?
Position so building side beam is above and over the objective
196
When using aerial platforms, where should the platform be placed in relation to the windowsill?
Top rail of the platform is even with the windowsill
197
Which method of carrying a victim down a ladder is the most difficult and most risky?
Over-the-shoulder
198
What dictates how many victims may be moved using an aerial platform?
Device load rating
199
When using an elevating platform, where should the bottom of the platform be positioned in relation to the roofs edge?
Even with or extended slightly over the roofs edge
200
What of the following is not a benefit of directing an aerial master stream at the ceiling of the target fire area?
Allows crew to monitor progress of fire suppression
201
Communications consist of on scene communications, tactical communications, and?
pre arrival communications
202
Whenever possible, the driver/operator should position the aerial device?
upwind of the fire
203
Aerial devices at fire incidents should position to?
maximize building coverage
204
When may it be necessary to use an aerial device to bring victims down from a structure?
when fire conditions do not allow access to interior stairs or exterior fire escapes
205
In an ideal situations, the best rescue approach is made from?
upwind on grade level
206
Determining which victims are in the most danger is a judgment call made by the incident commander, truck officer, or?
aerial apparatus driver/operator
207
Where is the typical location that poses the greatest danger for occupants in a building fire?
floor immediately above the fire
208
Which of the following will be a strong indication that victims are in the worst situation during a fire?
visible fire conditions
209
During an emergency situation, rescuers should give preference to individuals who are?
in a panicked state
210
Which group of people should be rescued first if every group appears to be in the same amount of danger?
the largest group
211
Which of the following is MOST important for the driver/operator to monitor while rescuing people in hard areas?
fire conditions
212
If an aerial ladder is designed to be used in the unsupported position, where should the tip be positioned when rescuing a victim?
above the target spot
213
If an aerial ladder is designed to be used in the supported position, where should the tip be positioned when rescuing a victim?
resting evenly in contact with the support object
214
When positioning the aerial device for a rescue from a window, the tip must be positioned so that the area of the window opening?
is not diminished
215
Which of the following is MOST appropriate if assisting the rescue of victims off parapet style roofs?
a roof ladder
216
How many firefighters are preferred to assist victims I boarding and descending an aerial ladder during a rescue?
two
217
Which method of carrying victims down an aerial ladder involves the victim sitting on the firefighters knees?
knee sit
218
Which of the following determines the number of passengers who may be lowered into the platform?
the load capacity ratings
219
Which of the following is the MOST appropriate person to lower in a basket type litter?
an unconscious or injured person
220
The eye on aerial devices is for use with rope type rescue operations?
with limited capacity
221
What are the procedures and actions taken to successfully carry out strategies?
Tactics
222
What is the best position for an aerial device?
When an extended and rotated aerial device is perpendicular to the objective
223
What should a firefighter be prepared to do when rescuing a victim from an aerial device?
climb the ladder and instruct the victim how and when to board the aerial
224
What is am important consideration when removing victims from a window?
placement of the aerial device tip
225
When removing trapped victims from a roof or an elevated flat section of a building, how should the aerial ladder be placed?
extended six feet above the edge of the flat section or roof
226
What is the definition of a parapet wall?
Vertical extension of an exterior wall, and sometimes an interior fire wall, above the
227
Which would be most advantageous when dealing with parapet walls?
an articulating aerial device
228
What will determine the number of passengers who may be lowered into the platform?
load capacity and space inside the platform
229
If the rope is passed through a pulley with the working end anchored to the ground, what happens to the load?
The load becomes twice the weight of the load on the running end
230
What is the first safety issue that affects aerial apparatus at water rescue incidents?
lack of suitable location to stabilize
231
What can proper aerial placement do for ventilation operations?
make it quicker and safer
232
What must be considered when a defensive attack is employed?
building collapse
233
What must the driver/operator know if the incident commander decides to utilize the aerial master stream?
volume to be delivered, type of stream, and placement of stream
234
What should be carried on the apparatus and be available for use from the aerial device?
smooth bore and fog nozzles
235
What is often conducted when the fire is on upper stories and while firefighters are perparing to enter the building?
blitz attack with an aerial device
236
For every 250GPM applied from a master stream, how many pounds of weight are added to the structure?
2,000 pounds
237
Fire conditions that prohibit safely advancing handlines, large amounts of water needed to extinguish the fire, IC opting to sacrifice a portion of the building are all indicators of what?
defensive attack
238
What will dictate the type of stream to be used from the elevated aerial device?
fire conditions
239
What are the ways that fire can spread to expsoures?
conduction, convection, radiation
240
Who should get preference for rescue during an emergency situation?
occupants in a panicked state
241
What are known as the actual procedures and actions to carry out strategies?
Tactics
242
Idealy, what is the best rescue approach with an aerial device?
Upwind on level ground with no obstructions
243
What are the two advanatges to position an aerial at a corner?
Reach victims on two sides and safer on the corner if a structual collapse occurs
244
What is the highest priority of group of victims to rescue?
Most severely threatened by conditions of the hazard
245
What is the lowest priority of group of victims to rescue?
People in exposed areas
246
What is the best position for an aerial device?
When the device is extended, rotated and perpendicular to the objective
247
When using an aerial ladder, where should the first rung of the ladder tip be placed?
Even with the windowsill
248
When removing trapped victims from a roof, where should the tip of the aerial ladder be placed?
6' above the roof
249
What method of victim removal is best used for a heavier person who is concious and able to control his/her own movements but not strong enough to descend on his/her own?
Knee-sit
250
Which NFPA provides guidance for rope and hardware for lifting a load?
1983
251
If rope is passed through the pulley with the working end anchored to something other than the ladder itself, what happens to the load on the device?
It becomes twice the weight of the load on the other device
252
What ppe must all personnel have if working near water?
PFD
253
Where should the driver/operator position the aerial when providing ventilation for a flat roof?
On the unburned side, as close as possible from the area being ventilated
254
Elevated master streams are most commonly used in what type of fire attack?
Defensive
255
What is known as an aggressive attack of a fire from the exterior with a large diameter fire stream?
Blitz attack
256
How much weight to the structure does 200 gpm add?
2000 lbs
257
If only one master stream nozzle is available, how should the stream be managed between the fire building and the exposure?
It should be alternated
258
When does a fog stream ineffective?
High winds
259
When using the aerial to rescue victims from an aircraft, where should the device be positioned?
So the aerial reaches the leading edge of the wing
260
What is the most effective way to perform a blitz attack?
Defelect water off the ceiling of the fire room
261
what the actual procedures and actions to carry out strategies called?
tactics
262
what 3 types of communication?
pre arrival,on scene, tactical
263
where best position for aerial device to avoid toxic products of combustion?
upwind
264
what are aerial apparatus used for on fires?
rescue, ventilation and elevated fire attack
265
what determines the number of people a platform can rescue at once?
load capacity
266
how should an aerial device go towards a victim?
lowered down to
267
when the aerial being used as an unsupported position, how should it be placed?
tip above the target
268
what can some older aerial apparatus do for maximum load capacity in a supported position
place both rails evenly in contact with the object
269
how many firefighters should be assigned to assist victims to climbing down a ladder?
2
270
how far should tip of ladder extend above the roof line?
6ft
271
how should a firefighter help a capable adult down the ladder?
lead them down
272
what must you do before flowing master stream into a building?
make sure there are no firefighters or victims
273
which master stream in used for penetration into a building?
solid stream nozzle
274
when do nozzles lose some of their effectiveness?
not discharging at their rates flow
275
how much weight does water add to a structure for every 250 gpm flow?
2000lbs
276
what the objective to a defensive attack?
contain fire to a specific area
277
how long should elevated master streams be used in a blitz attack?
just long enough to darken down the fire
278
what conditions must aerial drivers keep checking on?
fire conditions
279
what should be know when carrying kids and adults down a ladder?
last resort
280
what must be used when operating over a parapets?
a roof ladder
281
When an aerial device is set up as an emergency escape from a roof it should not be repositioned unless
the change is communicated and acknowledged
282
When fire conditions do not allow victims to be brought down the interior stairs or exterior fire escapes, it may be necessary to use what to get them down?
An aerial device
283
the apparatus should be parked so that the aerial device turntable is
Upwind of the target
284
If possible, the driver/operator should position aerial apparatus used for rescue
At the corner of the building
285
Two advantages to positioning on a corner
1: You can potentially reach victims on two sides of a building 2: You are potentially safer on the corner if a structure collapse occurs
286
If a rescue is to be made from an area threatened by fire
hoselines can be used to protect the victims
287
If protective homeliness are needed The preferred procedure is to use a
wide-angle fog stream
288
the driver/operator should position the apparatus so that the turntable is directly in line with the target
If the victim is to be lifted over the top rail
289
the turntable must be positioned a little forward or behind the target because the platform gates are typically on the side of the platform.
If the victim enters the platform through the hinged gate
290
The best way to learn the ideal approach angles for your aerial apparatus is to
Train
291
In situations that require using aerial apparatus for rescue, the main objective is to
reach as many victims or points of egress as possible with a minimum number of aerial movements
292
Those who are in the greatest amount of real or perceived danger should be given the
Highest priority
293
Determining which victims are in the most danger is a judgment call made by the
Incident Commander, truck company officer, or aerial apparatus driver/operator
294
Typically, occupants located where will be in the greatest danger?
on or immediately above the fire floor
295
Rescuers should do what with individuals who are in a panicked state and appear ready to jump?
give preference
296
firefighters should not pass up those in greatest danger just to
rescue a panicked person who is in a safe area
297
involves multiple victims who may be located in different parts of the fire building
The Second Priority
298
When the extended and rotated aerial device is perpendicular to the objective
The best position
299
the people in the exposed area
The Fourth Priority
300
Victims that are not in immediate danger
they can be evacuated using interior stairways or fire escapes
301
When ever possible, position the aerial device with the wind where to avoid products of combustion?
Up wind
302
Where is the best positioning on a building for an aerial device?
On the corner
303
What are the three types of communication for a successful aerial operation?
Pre-arrival, on scene, tactical
304
What are the two advantages to positioning an aerial apparatus on the corner?
Reach victims on both sides and safer for structural collapse
305
What is the 1st priority for victim removal with an aerial device?
Severely threatened
306
Where should the turn table be in comparison to the victim?
Perpendicular
307
Where should the tip of the aerial device be in conjunction to the building?
Unsupported tip at the target
308
Why should the ladder tip be raised above the victim then lowered to them?
To prevent the victim from jumping
309
When the tip of an aerial device is at an angle compared to the building , how should it be?
The beam closest to the building should be slightly over the roof line
310
This type of exterior wall is carried above the roof line?
Parapet
311
How should a tower bucket be positioned to a building?
With the door of the basket straight to the building
312
When positioning the tip of the aerial device, how far above the building should it be?
6'
313
Why should victims being removed from the building have a firefighter with them on an aerial device?
To prevent falls
314
What is the preferred way to move larger victims that are conous but not strong enough to walk?
Knee-sit
315
What carry is the most diffacult and requires two firefighters on the ladder?
Over the shoulder
316
How should an aerial device be positioned when braking windows from the tip?
Slightly above and up wind
317
What is it called when you use a 2-1/2" or larger fire stream on a fire?
Blitz attach
318
What should be a concern with a defensive attach?
Water weight causing a collapse
319
What can be used to disrupt the thermal Colum and reduce convection heat?
Fog stream
320
What is a concern about positioning near water?
Unstable or wet ground
321
What represents the overall plans needed to successfully mitigate an emergency and terminate an incident?
Operational strategies
322
Which of these is not an operational strategy consideration?
Weather
323
What are the actual procedures and actions taken to seccessfully carry out strategies?
Tactics
324
What allows for early and correct aerial placement?
Communication
325
Where should aerial devices position to avoid products of combustion or toxic vapors?
Upwind
326
What should happen if the aerial device is being used as an emergency escape?
It should not be repositioned
327
What is the advantage of positioning the aerial apparatus on the corner of the building?
It can access two sides
328
Who is given the highest priority for rescue by the aerial device?
Occupants located on or immediately above the fire floor
329
Why is the best position for the aerial device perpendicular to the objective?
Twisting stresses imposed on the aerial are reduced
330
How should the aerial ladder be positioned if it needs to be supported?
Both base rails are evenly in contact with the supporting object
331
How should the aerial device be maneuvered to reach a victim?
The aerial device should be aimed above the victim then lowered to them
332
How should the aerial ladder be positioned at a window for rescue?
The first rung of the ladder tip should be placed even with the window sill
333
How should the aerial platform be positioned at a window for rescue?
The platform should be placed so the top rail of the platform is even with the window sill
334
How should the aerial ladder be positioned for rescue from a roof?
The tip of the aerial ladder should be placed so at least six feet extends above the edge of the roof
335
What is the term for the vertical extension of an exterior wall above the roofline of a building?
Parapet wall
336
What is the term for a wire or plastic basket-type litter suitable for transporting patients and can be used with a harness for lifting?
Stokes basket
337
How many firefighters are prefered for assisting victims in boarding and descending the aerial ladder?
2
338
How should windows be taken out if the wind is blowing across the face of the building?
From downwind to upwind
339
At what rate does water add weight to a structure?
2,000 pounds for every 250 gpm
340
Where should the aerial ladder be positioned when used for large commercial passenger aircraft rescues?
Positioned to the aft of entry doors
341
Whenever possible, the aerials device should be positioned where?
Upwind
342
Which of the following is an advantage to positioning on a corner of a building?
You can potentially reach victims on two sides of a building
343
Whenever possible, the aerials device should be positioned where for rescue?
At the corner of the building
344
If a rescue needs to be made and the aerial is threatened by fire, what is the preferred method of protection?
Wide-angle fog
345
If a victim is to be lifted over the top rail of a tower, where should the driver position the turntable?
Directly in line with the target
346
If a victim enters the platform through a hinged gate, where should the turntable be positioned?
A little forward or behind the target
347
Typically, where are the occupants that are in the greatest danger?
On or immediately above the fire
348
Rescuers should give priority to which victims?
Individuals that are panicked
349
When more than one group requires rescuing, which group should be rescued first?
The larger group
350
In this position, the twisting stress on the aerial is reduced.
Positioned perpendicular to the building
351
When optimum positioning is not possible, the ladder should be extended where?
Above and over the objective
352
When maneuvering an aerial device to reach a victim in an elevated position, how should the aerial be positioned?
Above the victim, then lowered
353
Once an aerial is in place, what should be engaged to made the device as rigid as possible?
Extension Locks
354
When using an aerial ladder, the first run of the ladder tip should be where?
Even with the window sill
355
When using aerial platforms, where should the platform be placed for rescue?
So the top rail of the platform is even with the window sill
356
When removing trapped victims from a roof, the tip of the aerial ladder should be placed at least how many feet extendeds above the end of the roof?
6'
357
When lowering victims in a platform, where should the second firefighter be during the lowering of victims?
At the load point to calm remaining victims
358
What is the NFPA Standard on Operations and Training for Technical Search and Rescue Incidents?
NFPA 1670
359
When breaking windows to provide cross ventilation, position the aerial where?
Slightly above the window to the upwind side
360
If the aerial will be used for master stream operations, where should the turntable be positioned?
Directly in line with the target
361
If an aerial device is designed to be used in the unsupported position, where should the tip be positioned when rescuing a victim?
above the target spot
362
Whenever possible, the driver/operator should position the aerial device:
upwind of the fire
363
Which of the following is an alternate method to position the platforms top rail to the windowsill?
position the platform so that the access gate through the platform railing is adjacent to the window opening
364
How many firefighters are preferred to assist victims in boarding and descending an aerial ladder during a rescue?
2
365
Which ladder is most appropriate when gaining access to a flat roof that is occluded by a parapet wall?
a roof ladder
366
When positioning the aerial device for a rescue from a window, the tip must be positioned so that the area of the window opening:
is not diminished
367
In an ideal situation, the best rescue approach using an aerial apparatus is made from:
upwind on level grade
368
Which of the following nozzle streams is the most effective for protecting the apparatus from convectional heat waves?
fog stream
369
Which of the following nozzle streams would most likely be influenced by atmospheric or fire created winds?
fog stream
370
Water can contribute to a building collapse. Per IFSTA as a general rule of thumb, for every 250 GPMs of water flowed into structure roughly:
2000 lbs is added
371
Using elevated master streams during a blitz attack, the driver operator should flow water until:
the fire is darkened down
372
When using the aerial device as a high point anchoring system, the load force is effectively:
doubled
373
When positioning an aerial device to gain access to a flat roof, the tip of there aerial should be:
6 feet above the roof line
374
Where should the beam of the aerial device be placed when approaching a structure on an angle?
the beam is on the building side of the ladder above the objective
375
How many firefighters are required to move an unconscious person down the aerial device?
2
376
Where should the aerial device be positioned when providing access to a flat roof for ventilation?
on the unburned side of the structure
377
What is the best positioning for an aerial device for providing horizontal ventilation?
slightly above the objective on the upwind side
378
When trying to accomplish water deflection using an aerial master stream, the nozzle should be positioned:
even with the bottom of the window
379
When is an aerial master stream used in blitz attack operation?
when fire is on the upper floors while firefighters are preparing to enter the structure
380
Where is the best place to position an aerial device with coinciding aerial master stream to limit the spread of fire and toxic gases into the structure?
the unburned side of the building
