23 - Roadway Ops Flashcards
(360 cards)
1
Q
What is the term for positioning a fire apparatus at an angle to traffic lanes, creating a physical barrier between upstream traffic and the work area?
A
Block
2
Q
What is the term that refers to the distance between moving traffic, the personnel and vehicles in the protected work area?
A
Buffer Space
3
Q
What is the term that refers to the act of merging several lanes of moving traffic into fewer moving lanes?
A
Taper
4
Q
What term is also known as an incident space and refers to the area at a vehicle-related raodway incident sheilded by the block?
A
Work Area
5
Q
When units respond together in the same direction, they should what?
A
Remain in a single file
6
Q
When the shoulder must be used for response, apparatus operators must use extreme caution and be aware of what?
A
Road signs, debris, guard rails, oversized or stopped vehicles, and standing water
7
Q
How should median strip crossovers be marked in order to permit crossing over during response?
A
Authorized Vehicles Only
8
Q
Proper apparaus positioning at an incident scene ensures what?
A
All of these
9
Q
The engine company driver should place the vehicle at an angle to the lanes with the front wheels rotated away from the incident and the pump panel facing towards the work area to protect the pump operator. This is known as what position?
A
Fend-off
10
Q
Going away from the incident space, on the upstream side, what is the proper order of safety items after the engine?
A
80 feet buffer space, 120 foot taper, and advanced warning
11
Q
When additional apparatus are only required for adequate protection and are not needed for extrication, drivers should place blocking apparatus at least how many feet behind the first operating unit to create a safe work area?
A
50
12
Q
On a roadway incident, where should the rescue position?
A
In front of the first-arriving engine in the most advantageous, tactical position for extrication functions and within the shielded area
13
Q
What unit, regardless of the type, will take the position normally taken by the first-arriving engine company to shield the scene for membes, patients, and witnesses?
A
First unit
14
Q
After arriving on-scene and positioning in a fend-off position, the operator of the first arriving suppression unit should utilize what, extending downstream to channel traffic away from the incident?
A
Vehicle mounted directional arrows and place flares or traffic cones along the working area
15
Q
Personnel who place cones or flares should do what to oncoming traffic?
A
Walk facing
16
Q
When developing an incident action plan, Ics, lookouts, and safety officers should remember the acronym LCES, which stands for what?
A
Lookouts, communication, escape routes, and safety zones
17
Q
If taking the primary blocking position behind a roadway fire could expose the engine to fire extension, how may the driver position?
A
At an increased distance behind the work area
18
Q
Glare recovery time refers to the amount of time required for the human eye to recover from the effects of glare once light passes through the eye. When the eye moves from light to dark, vision recovery takes at least how many seconds? When moving from dark to light, vision recovery takes how many second?
A
6 & 3
19
Q
The best combination of lights to provide maximum night visibility are what?
A
Red warning lights on, headlights off, fog lights off, pump panel lights on, rear and front flood lights on and directed onto a cone and traffic directional boards operating
20
Q
Virginia’s Incident Clearance Law is also known as what?
A
Move It
21
Q
When operating on a roadway incident, upstream refers to
A
traffic approaching the scene
22
Q
Designated median strip crossovers can be used by emergency apparatus only if
A
traffic flow is not obstructed in either direction
23
Q
When an incident is involved in a HOV lane, consideration should be to
A
request additional units to block traffic on the nonincident side of markers
24
Q
Apparatus placement on a roadway incident is determined by
A
apparatus driver and officer
25
When positioning at a roadway incident the "fend-off" position is
angle the vehicle, wheels away from scene but pump panel towards scene
26
The inside travel lane is located
left most lane in direction of travel
27
If a transport unit is first on scene of roadway incident, it will position
upstream prior to incident
28
When a suppression unit arrives to a residence prior to the transport unit, it should position
short of the address
29
When developing a roadway incident plan the acronym LCES stands for
lookouts, communications, escape route, safety zone
30
In regards to firefighting operations on roadways, which of the following is true
roadway preplans should include water supply options
31
If incident is during the day, all vehicles including emergency are on shoulder and traffic is slowly moving due to congestion, FD may
turn off emergency warning lights and replace with flashers
32
This is the first color the human eye loses to nighttime surroundings
red
33
A vehicle traveling at 50mph will travel how far per second
75 feet
34
Which of the following statements is true when working a roadway incident at night
opposing drivers can be completely blinded by headlights at 2.5 car lengths away
35
Virginia's incident clearance law instructs civilians to
move vehicle from travel lanes when instructed by FD personnel
36
Prolonged lane closure increases the risk of a secondary incident, in fact
one minute of stoppage equals a 4-minute delay
37
Some primary objectives for roadway incident operations include the following except
speak to local news regarding traffic delays
38
The act of merging several moving lanes into fewer is called
taper
39
What vehicles are considered in the work area of a roadway incident with one engine and one transport unit
transport unit and involved vehicles
40
When multiple transport units are required on a roadway incident, parking them in this manner facilitates egress
diagponally in protected area
41
What is the definition of buffer space?
The distance or space between personnel and vehicles in the protected work area and nearby moving traffic
42
How many feet should the buffer space be?
80 feet
43
What is the definition of downstream?
The direction that traffic is moving as it travels away from the incident scene
44
How many feet should a taper space be at least?
40 feet
45
What is the defiition of upstream?
The direction from which traffic is traveling as vehicles approach the incident scene
46
What does LCES stand for?
Lookouts, Communications, Escape Routes, and Safety Zones
47
On limited access highways, how many vehicles should be traveling in each direction?
At least one
48
When units respond together in the same direction, how should they travel
In single file
49
What should vehicle operators do when using the shoulder of the road?
Reduce their speed
50
When can designated median strip crossovers marked "Authorized Vehicles Only" be used?
When apparatus can complete the turn without obstructing the flow of traffic in either travel direction and when all traffic movement has stopped
51
When if ever can the operator use the U-turn access points in a jersey barrier?
Only when the situation is necessary for immediate lifesaving measures
52
When can crews cross over lanes on foot?
When the roadway is completely shut down
53
What is lane 1?
The inside travel lane
54
What is lane 3?
The outside travel lane
55
Define the "Fend-off" position
When the front wheels are rotated away from the incident and the pump panel is facing toward the work area
56
How many sides of the incident may need to be protected at an intersection in the middle of the street?
Two or more sides
57
Blocking apparatus shall be placed how many feet behind the first operating unit to create a safe working area?
50 feet
58
How long is each lane marker?
10 feet
59
What is the first color to leave the spectrum?
Red
60
Roadways of speeds how many miles per hour or greater should have longer taper and buffer spaces
55 mph
61
The officer of the suppression unit should consider the appropriate Traffic Incident Level when the incident will seriously impact traffic. What are the levels?
Minor, intermediate, major
62
There are three time frames to help determine what level the highway incident is. What are they?
30 minutes or less, 30 minutes to 2 hours, 2 hors or more.
63
Un-necessarily closing or keeping lanes closed, greatly increases the risk of secondary incidents and back ups. For every minute traffic is stopped it causes how many minutes in delay?
4 minutes
64
From light to dark, the recovery is how many seconds? And from dark to light is how many seconds?
6 and 3 seconds
65
At 50 miles per hour what is the distance in feet traveled in a second?
75
66
Studies have found that when you get this many car lengths away from a vehicle with its head lights on you get blinded?
2 1/2 car lengths
67
Lane markers are how long and how far apart?
10 ' and 30'
68
You have positioned the apparatus just over a hill or curve. What shall you do to worn motorists coming to you?
Place a cone or flare prior to the hill
69
Before exiting the apparatus at an accident you shall ensure traffic is stopped, communicate to everyone traffic is stopped, look down and in all directions. Why?
For debris and hazards in all directions
70
Additional apparatus responding in to an accident scene shall park how many feet behind the first blocking apparatus?
50 feet
71
When an EMS unit parks at the scene they shall position for what?
Rapid egress from the scene
72
If the first dispatched engine is not the first arriving unit. What must the first arriving unit do?
Position to protect the scene
73
If taking primary blocking positioning behind the vehicle fire will expose the engine to fire extension, what should you do?
Position past the fire and have next in unit block
74
The lanes of a roadway are labeled from the left to the right. What are the correct names?
Lanes1, 2, 3
75
The engine shall be positioned at an angle to the lanes, the pump panel shall be words the work area. The steering wheels shall be rotated away from the incident. What is this called?
Fend-off
76
When using the should to respond to a call, there are many obstacles to watch out for. What of the following is NOT one?
Don?t use the shoulder
77
Anyone exposed to traffic, emergency vehicles, equipment with in an incident shall wear a high visibility vest that meets the requirements of who?
ANSI/ISEA
78
Situational awareness is the continuous responsibility of who?
Everyone
79
When shall a U-turn in a jersey barrier be used?
Lifesaving measures
80
When on a mulit- lane highway and vehicles are on both shoulders. When is it ok to cross lanes on foot?
When the roadway is shut down
81
What is the act of merging several lanes of moving traffic into fewer moving lanes called?
Taper
82
What is also known as incident space and refers to the area at a vehicle-related roadway incident shielded by the block called?
Work area
83
Emergency response to incidents on limited-access highways should include at least how many units traveling in each direction?
1
84
All of the following except what are things apparatus operators must be aware of and use extreme caution while responding on the shoulder?
Dead animals
85
The use of U-turn access points between Jersey barriers presents an extreme hazard and should occur only when?
When nescessary for immediate lifesaving measures
86
When the responding apparatus's route of travel requires crossing the flexible delineator markers, the apparatus operator should reduce speed and pass through the markers at what angle?
Shallow
87
Who is responsible for apparatus placement?
Driver & Officer
88
The first arriving engine should position where in regards to the incident?
Prior
89
What position for apparatus parking is placing the vehicle at an angle to the lanes with the frontwheels rotated away from the incident and the pump panel facing toward the work area to protect the pump operator?
Fend-off
90
At intersections or where the incidnent may be near the middle of the street how many sides od the intersection may need protection?
2+
91
Drivers should place blocking apparatus at least how far behind the first operating unit to create a safe work area?
50 feet
92
EMS units positioning on EMS calls should take priority position where?
In front of the incident address
93
Supression units, when responding with EMS units on EMS calls should position where?
Shield the back of the EMS unit
94
After arriving on-scene and positioning in a fend-off position, the operator fo the first arriving supression unit should utilize everything except what?
Police units
95
When an incident requires multiple EMS transport units, drivers should consider positioning them how in the protected area to facilitate easy egress from the scene to the hospital?
Diagonally
96
In the acronym LCES, what does the C stand for?
Communications
97
Emergency warning lights may be turned off when all of the following conditions occur except what?
Warning lights must always remain activated
98
When the eye moves from light to dark, vision recovery takes at least how many seconds?
6
99
When the eye moves from dark to light, vision recovery takes at least how many seconds?
3
100
Level 2 traffic incidents impact the traveled roadway and is estimated to have lane blockage for 30 minutes - 2 hours is also called what?
Intermediate
101
Which type of operations represent the most common emergency responses?
Vehicle accident scenes
102
Which of the following is not one of the primary objectives for any roadway incident operations?
Develop alternative routes of travel
103
Which term is also commonly referred to as work area, and is the area at a vehicle-related roadway incident shielded by the block?
Incident space
104
What should an emergency response to incidents on limited-access highways include?
At least one unit traveling in each direction
105
In order to avoid confusing highway motorists about how to appropriately yield the right-of-way to emergency apparatus, units responding together in the same direction should take which type of approach?
Remain in single file
106
When the responding apparatus?s route of travel requires crossing the flexible delineator markers, how should the apparatus operator reduce speed and pass through the markers?
At a shallow angle
107
Who is responsible for establishing a work area allowing EMS units and the rescue company?or other company responsible for extrication?to safely position in proximity to the incident?
The officer of the first arriving suppression unit
108
What is referred to as the position designed to provide a barrier in the event a motorist strikes the engine, and in the unlikely event the engine moves upon impact, allows the motorist to travel in a direction away from the work area?
Fend-off
109
After arriving on-scene and positioning in a fend-off position, the operator of the first arriving suppression unit should utilize vehicle-mounted directional arrows and place flares or traffic cones along the working area, extending in which direction to channel traffic away from the incident?
Downstream
110
All personnel must continuously maintain situational awareness in order to ensure incident work area safety. When developing an incident action plan, ICs, lookouts, and safety officers should remember the acronym LCES. What does ?S? in LCES stand for?
Safety zones
111
What term refers to positioning a fire department apparatus at an angle to traffic lanes, creating a physical barrier between upstream traffic and the work area?
Block
112
What term refers to the distance between moving traffic and the personnel and vehicles in the protected work area?
Buffer space
113
What term is also known as incident space and refers to the area at a vehicle-related roadway incident shielded by the block?
Work area
114
What term refers to the act of merging several lanes of moving traffic into fewer moving lanes?
Taper
115
What term involves the roadway lanes where approaching motorists change their speed and position to comply with traffic control measures established at an incident scene?
Transition zone
116
Name the position when the engine company driver should place the vehicle at an angle to the lanes with the front wheels rotated away from the incident and the pump panel facing toward the work area to protect the pump operator.
Fend-off
117
Drivers should place blocking apparatus at least how many feet behind the first operating unit to create a safe work area?
50
118
Glare recovery time refers to the amount of time required for the human eye to recover from the effects of glare once light passes through the eye. When the eye moves from light to dark, vision recovery takes at least how many seconds?
6
119
How many seconds does vision recovery take when moving from dark to light?
3
120
Visibility becomes a more significant concern at night and presents a problem for fire department operators when using their warning lights systems. As the human eye adapts to the dark, which color blends into nighttime surroundings and becomes more difficult to see?
Red
121
Beginning July 1, 2012, all emergency responders within the right-of-way, who are either exposed to traffic or to emergency vehicles and equipment within the incident scene, shall wear what?
a traffic vest
122
What does the acronym LCES stand for?
Lookouts, Communications, Escape Routes, and Safety Zones
123
To avoid the errant or distracted driver, responders should never?
turn their backs towards traffic. They should face traffic and remain alert at all times
124
The engine company shall be placed at an angle to the lanes, with the pump panel toward the work area to protect the pump operator and front wheels rotated away from the incident, this is called?
fend off position
125
How far should blocking apparatus be from the first arriving unit?
50 feet
126
How long should a buffer zone be on roadway emergencies?
80 feet
127
Roadways facilitating higher speeds should have longer Taper and Buffer Spaces at what MPH should they be greater?
55 MPH
128
On roadway incidents lane makers are how far apart?
10 feet in length and there is 30 feet between markers
129
As the human eye becomes adapted to the dark, the first color to leave the spectrum is?
red
130
From light to dark vision recovery takes at least how long?
6 seconds
131
When operating on a roadway incident which of the following lights needs to be dimmed or shut off?
headlights
132
Per VDOT what is a level 1 incident on a roadway?
Impact to the traveled roadway is estimated to be less than 30 minutes with no lane blockage or with minor lane blockage.
133
Per VDOT what is a level 2 incident on a roadway?
Impact to the traveled roadway is estimated to be between 30 minutes and 2 hours with lane blockages, but not full closure of the roadway.
134
Per VDOT what is a level 3 incident on a roadway?
Impact to the traveled roadway is estimated to be more than 2 hours, OR the roadway is closed in any single direction; significant area- wide congestion is expected.
135
Which of the following needs to be followed on all roadway incidents?
wear the appropriate PPE.
136
When units respond together in the same direction, they should?
follow in a single file line
137
What is the lane called that?s closest to the right shoulder?
outside travel lane 3
138
How long is a taper distance on a roadway incident?
120 feet
139
When responding to EMS calls, EMS units shall have the priority position to the?
front of the incident address with access to the driveway
140
What is the lanes of a roadway within which approaching motorists change
their speed and position to comply with the traffic control measures established at an
incident scene?
transition zone
141
Positioning apparatus on an angle to the lanes of traffic creating a physical barrier between upstream traffic and work area is referred to as what?
Block
142
What is the space between moving traffic and personnel and vehicles in the protected work area called?
Buffer space
143
What does a unit responding from each direction result in?
No delay caused by misinformation
144
Designated median strip crossovers marked, ?Authorized Vehicles Only,? should be used when?
When you can make the complete turn without obstructing the flow of traffic
145
Where should the first arriving engine position?
prior to the incident
146
Placing the vehicle at an angle to the lanes with the front wheels rotated away from the incident and the pump panel facing toward the work area is known as what?
fend-off
147
How far behind the first operating unit should blocking apparatus position?
50'
148
Where should EMS units position?
past the incident but within the shielded work area
149
Where should EMS units position on residential roadways?
In front of the incident address
150
How should personnel place traffic cones or flares?
while facing oncoming traffic
151
What is the minimum protective clothing for operating on roadway incidents?
helmet and traffic vest
152
What does the acronym LCES stand for?
Lookouts, Communications, Escape route, and Safety zones
153
When the eye moves from light to dark, vision recovery takes how long?
six seconds
154
When moving from dark to light, vision recovery takes how long?
three seconds
155
At 50mph, a vehicle travevls approximately how far per second?
75'
156
How long of an additional travel delay does one minute of stopped traffic cause?
four minute
157
How many different levels of traffic incidents are there, as adopted by VDOT?
3
158
What are the different levels of traffic incidents?
Minor, Intermediate, Major
159
Which incident level is estimated to have a travel impact of more than two hours?
Major
160
What is the act of merging several lanes of moving traffic into fewer moving lanes?
Taper
161
What is the space between personnel and vehicles in the protected area and nearby moving traffic?
buffer space
162
What is the area where the vehicle-related roadway incident is being blocked by apparatus called?
incident space
163
what is the direction of travel of vehicles approaching the incident called?
upstream
164
when can "Authorized Vehicles Only" be used?
traffic is stop or can make the turn without obstructing flow in either direction
165
When can you go down a highway ramp the wrong way?
can confirm that oncoming traffic has been stopped
166
Which lane is called lane 1?
inside travel lane
167
Which lane is called lane 2?
middle travel lane
168
which lane is called lane 3?
outside travel lane
169
What position protect pump operator and wheel rotate away from incident?
fend-off
170
where should a suppressioin unit park when responding with an ems unit?
provide a shield for back of ems unit
171
how long is each lane marker on a highway?
10ft
172
how long is the space between each lane marker on a highway?
30ft
173
How far does a vehicle travel approximately at 50 mph?
75ft
174
How long does vision recover going from light to dark?
6 seconds
175
What highway incident takes less than 30 minutes?
level 1
176
What highway incident takes between 30 minutes and 2 hours?
level 2
177
What highway incident takes more than 2 hours?
level 3
178
what is best combination of lights to provide maxium night visibility?
Red warning lights on, headlights off, fog lights off, pump panel lights on, spot lights on rear and front, traffic directionals boards operating
179
How far does a vehicle travel approximately at 50 mph for 6 seconds?
450ft
180
how long does vision recover going from dark to light?
3 seconds
181
Beginning July 1, 2012, all emergency responders within the right-of-way, who are either exposed to traffic or to emergency vehicles and equipment within the incident scene shall wear
high-visibility safety apparel
182
Firefighters or other emergency responders working within the right-of-way and engaged in emergency operations directly exposing them to flame, fire, heat, and/or hazardous materials shall wear
retroreflective turnout gear
183
LCES stands for
Lookouts, Communications, Escape Routes, and Safety Zones
184
Emergency response to incidents on limited access highways should include at least
one unit traveling in each direction on the highway
185
When units respond together in the same direction
they should remain in single file
186
Designated median strip crossovers marked ?Authorized Vehicles Only? shall only be used when apparatus can complete the turn
without obstructing the flow of traffic in either travel direction, or when all traffic movement has stopped
187
Response to access/egress ramps should be in the normal direction of travel unless the officer can confirm that
the oncoming traffic has been stopped and that no civilian vehicles will be encountered on the ramp
188
The use of U-turn access points in ?Jersey? barriers is extremely hazardous and shall be used only when
the situation is necessary for immediate lifesaving measures
189
Fire and EMS crews shall avoid crossing over lanes of traffic on foot
Unless the roadway is completely shut down
190
Crossing ?Jersey? barriers, bridge railings, or physical barriers designed to keep vehicles on the roadway can be physically challenging and extremely dangerous of crew members and shall be
avoided whenever possible
191
To assist with identifying the location of incidents on the roadway in a clear manner, lanes shall be identified as
Inside Travel Lane, Middle Travel Lane, and Outside Travel Lane
192
The engine company shall be placed at an angle to the lanes, with the pump panel toward the work area to protect the pump operator and front wheels rotated away from the incident. This is known as a
?fend-off? position
193
The rescue or extrication company shall position in front of the
in front of the first-arriving engine
194
Blocking apparatus shall be placed how many feet behind the first operating unit to create a safe working area?
50
195
Where should EMS units position within the incident space in a manner that allows for rescue company functions, patient loading, and rapid egress from the scene?
past the incident
196
Where should Command and staff vehicles position to be within the incident space in a manner that facilitates command functions and allows for rescue company functions and patient loading into EMS vehicles?
past the incident
197
If taking the primary blocking position behind the fire will expose the engine to the possibility of fire extension
beyond the fire
198
If an EMS unit is going to operate on scene without a suppression unit, then they shall either
position off the roadway or use cones
199
Suppression units, when responding with EMS units, shall position to
provide a shield for the back of the EMS unit
200
Suppression pieces should remain on scene in position until
the EMS unit has left to transport the patient
201
The distance or space between personnel and vehicles in the protected work area and nearby moving traffic is called?
Buffer space
202
The direction that traffic is moving as it travels away from the incident scene is called?
Down stream
203
The blocked area created by emergency apparatus is called?
Incident space
204
The lanes of a roadway in which approaching motorists change speed and lanes to comply with traffic control measures is called?
Transition zone
205
When shall personnel don approved high visibility apparel in lieu of turn out gear?
Once a incident is mitigated
206
To avoid errant or distracted drivers, responders should never do this?
Turn your back to traffic
207
To reduce confusion to motorists as they yield the right of way to emergency vehicles apparatus, we should ?
Drive in a single file line
208
Who is responsible for proper spotting and placement of the apparatus?
Driver and Officer
209
What is the length of the tapper space?
120'
210
What is the combined length of the taper and buffer space?
200'
211
When blocking at intersections or middle of the street, where do you block first?
Most critical
212
If a EMS unit is operating with out a suppression unit where is the preferer position?
Driveway
213
What is the first color from the spectrum of sight lost at night?
Red
214
When the operational phase of a multi lane shut down is complete what should be done to lower a safety concern with traffic?
Open lanes
215
What is the code number in Virginia for the Incident Clearance Law?
46.2-888
216
Over what posted speed on a road should the tapper length be increased?
55
217
Notification procedures that advice approaching motorists to transition from normal driving status is called?
Advanced warning
218
Managing a highway incident or multi jurisdictional incident, this is used to determine rolls and responsibility's?
Joint Command
219
What is the minimum apparatus response for a highway incident in each direction?
1
220
Crossing " Jersey barriers", bridge railings, or physical barriers designed to keep vehicles on the road way can be?
Dangerous to cross
221
What is the term for positioning a fire apparatus at an angle to traffic lanes, creating a physical barrier between upstream traffic and the work area?
Block
222
What is the term that refers to the distance between moving traffic, the personnel and vehicles in the protected work area?
Buffer Space
223
What is the term that refers to the act of merging several lanes of moving traffic into fewer moving lanes?
Taper
224
What term is also known as an incident space and refers to the area at a vehicle-related raodway incident sheilded by the block?
Work Area
225
When units respond together in the same direction, they should what?
Remain in a single file
226
When the shoulder must be used for response, apparatus operators must use extreme caution and be aware of what?
Road signs, debris, guard rails, oversized or stopped vehicles, and standing water
227
How should median strip crossovers be marked in order to permit crossing over during response?
Authorized Vehicles Only
228
Proper apparaus positioning at an incident scene ensures what?
All of these
229
The engine company driver should place the vehicle at an angle to the lanes with the front wheels rotated away from the incident and the pump panel facing towards the work area to protect the pump operator. This is known as what position?
Fend-off
230
Going away from the incident space, on the upstream side, what is the proper order of safety items after the engine?
80 feet buffer space, 120 foot taper, and advanced warning
231
When additional apparatus are only required for adequate protection and are not needed for extrication, drivers should place blocking apparatus at least how many feet behind the first operating unit to create a safe work area?
50
232
On a roadway incident, where should the rescue position?
In front of the first-arriving engine in the most advantageous, tactical position for extrication functions and within the shielded area
233
What unit, regardless of the type, will take the position normally taken by the first-arriving engine company to shield the scene for membes, patients, and witnesses?
First unit
234
After arriving on-scene and positioning in a fend-off position, the operator of the first arriving suppression unit should utilize what, extending downstream to channel traffic away from the incident?
Vehicle mounted directional arrows and place flares or traffic cones along the working area
235
Personnel who place cones or flares should do what to oncoming traffic?
Walk facing
236
When developing an incident action plan, Ics, lookouts, and safety officers should remember the acronym LCES, which stands for what?
Lookouts, communication, escape routes, and safety zones
237
If taking the primary blocking position behind a roadway fire could expose the engine to fire extension, how may the driver position?
At an increased distance behind the work area
238
Glare recovery time refers to the amount of time required for the human eye to recover from the effects of glare once light passes through the eye. When the eye moves from light to dark, vision recovery takes at least how many seconds? When moving from dark to light, vision recovery takes how many second?
6 & 3
239
The best combination of lights to provide maximum night visibility are what?
Red warning lights on, headlights off, fog lights off, pump panel lights on, rear and front flood lights on and directed onto a cone and traffic directional boards operating
240
Virginia's Incident Clearance Law is also known as what?
Move It
241
What is the notification procedures that advise approaching motorists to transition from normal driving status to that required by the temporary emergency traffic control measures ahead of them?
Advance Warning
242
What is the distance or space between personnel and vehicles in the protected work area and nearby moving traffic?
Buffer Space
243
What is the action of merging several lanes of moving traffic into fewer moving lanes?
Tapering
244
ANSI/ISEA 107-2010 regulates what?
High-visibility safety apparel
245
What does the "E" in the acronym LCES stand for?
Escape Routes
246
When can an apparatus use the designated median strip marked "Authorized Vehicles Only"?
Only when the apparatus can complete the turn without obstructing the flow of traffic or when all traffic has stopped
247
When can an apparatus make a U-turn in between Jersey barriers?
Only when necessary for immediate lifesaving measures
248
Which of the following has the correct lane number with its corresponding location?
Inside travel lane is Lane 1
249
Blocking apparatus shall be placed at least how many feet behind the first operating unit?
50 feet
250
What type of unit shall have the priority position to the front of the incident address with access to the driveway?
EMS Unit
251
Prior to exiting an apparatus, members shall do all of the following except what?
Make sure that they are at the correct incident
252
Once a Buffer Space of how many feet has been established, cones shall be deployed.
80 feet
253
This should begin diagonally across the roadway beginning at the Buffer Space and working downstream toward traffic.
Taper space
254
A "taper" space should be at least how many feet?
one hundred twenty feet
255
Each lane marker is how many feet long?
10 feet
256
What is the space between lane markers?
30 feet
257
From light to dark, vision recovery takes at least how many seconds?
At least six seconds
258
What is the first color to leave the spectrum as the human eye becomes adapted to the dark?
Red
259
If not needed to illuminate the scene, a driver should turn off these lights.
Headlights
260
A level 2 highway incident will impact the roadway travel for how long?
30 minutes to 2 hours
261
What is the first objective for any roadway incident operation?
establish a safe operating area
262
Which of the following best describes a "buffer space"?
the distance between moving traffic and the personnel operating in the work area
263
Which of the following best describes traffic that is moving "upstream"?
the direction of traffic that is approaching the incident scene
264
Which of the following best describes traffic that is moving "downstream"?
the direction of traffic that is moving away from the incident scene
265
What is the best method to prevent confusing motorists when multiple units are responding in the same direction on a divided highway?
by responding in a single file
266
When is it appropriate for a driver operator to use a "U-turn" access point when responding to an incident on a decided highway?
when there is immediate lifesaving measures that must be completed
267
When responding in or near high occupancy vehicle lanes that contain flexible delineator markers, it is recommended that additional units are dispatched to block traffic on the:
nonincident side of the markers
268
In order to travel across the flexible delineator markers located on HOV lanes, the driver operator should:
reduce speed and pass at a shallow angle
269
Per the 2021 NOVA highway operational manual, how long of a taper space is necessary on a limited access highway?
120 feet
270
Per the 2021 NOVA highway operational manual, how long of a buffer space is necessary on a limited access highway?
80 feet
271
Per the 2021 NOVA highway operational manual, what is the total length of the taper and buffer space combined that necessary on a limited access highway?
200 feet
272
When approaching an incident scene, the driver operator should place the vehicle at an angle with the front wheels rotated:
away from the incident scene
273
Apparatus that is positioned on an angle with the pump panel facing toward the work area is known as:
the fend off position
274
The inside travel lane of a limited access highway is labeled as:
lane 1
275
To clearly identify the travel lanes on a limited access highway, lane numbers shall be assigned starting with:
the inside travel lane
276
How far away should the blocking apparatus be from the first operating unit on a roadway incident?
50 feet
277
Where should the apparatus driver place their first cone on an incident scene that is located on a hill or curve?
prior to the hill or curve
278
What is the average vision recovery time when the eye moves from light to dark?
6 seconds
279
What is the average vision recovery time when the eye moves from dark to light?
3 seconds
280
Oncoming vehicles with headlights on, completely blind opposing drivers within:
2.5 car lengths
281
How many feet behind should a block be?
At least 50 feet behind
282
A block should be a physical barrier between what two areas?
Upstream traffic and the work area
283
The buffer space should be between what two areas?
Between personnel and vehicles in the protected work area
284
What direction is downstream traffic moving?
Away from the incident scene
285
What is another name for the work area?
The incident space
286
What does the "S" in LCES stand for?
Safety zones
287
How many units should be traveling in each direction on limited access highways?
One
288
When units respond together, how should they remain?
In single file
289
What should vehicle operators do when using the shoulder of the road?
Reduce their speed
290
When can access/egress ramps be used in the opposite direction?
When the officer can confirm that the oncoming traffic has been stopped and that no civilian vehicles will be encountered on the ramp
291
When can crews cross over lanes on foot?
When the roadway is completely shut down
292
When should crossing Jersey barriers, bridges, or physical barriers be avoided?
Whenever possible
293
What is lane 1?
The inside travel lane
294
What is lane 3?
The outside travel lane
295
When apparatus is limited, how should blocking be prioritized?
From the most critical to the least critical
296
When may the engine be placed beyond the fire?
Only when taking the primary blocking position behind the fire would expose the engine to the possibility of extension
297
Who should always take the first arriving engine company position in response to a roadway incident?
The first arriving unit
298
What do flares or traffic cones do?
They assist in channeling traffic from the incident
299
How long is each lane marker?
10 feet
300
At 50 mph the distance traveled during 1 second is approximately how many feet?
75 feet
301
The direction of traffic moving away from the incident scene is known as:
Downstream
302
Emergency response to incidents on limited-access highways should include at least how many units traveling in each direction?
One unit
303
When can U-turn access points between Jersey barriers be used?
Only when necessary for immediate lifesaving measures
304
Who has responsibility for apparatus placement on a limited access highway?
The apparatus driver and the officer take joint responsibility
305
How are travel lanes numerically designated?
From the inner-most lane to the outer-most lane
306
The position the driver/operator should place the vehicle at an angle to the lanes with the front wheels rotated away from the incident and the pump panel facing toward the work area to protect the pump operator is known as:
The fend-off position
307
How far away should drivers place blocking apparatus behind the first operating unit to create a safe work area?
At least 50 ft
308
If the suppression unit arrives prior to the EMS unit on an EMS call at a single family home, how should it be positioned?
So the EMS unit can park in front of the address when it arrives
309
If an incident requires personnel to channel traffic around a curve, hill, or ramp, where should the first cone or flare be placed?
Prior to the hill or curve
310
What does the acronym LCES stand for?
Lookouts, communications, escape routes, and safety zones
311
When can emergency warning lights be turned off?
Daylight hours, all involved vehicles and emergency vehicles have been moved out of traffic lanes onto the highway shoulder, and traffic is congested and passing slowly
312
At what distance do oncoming vehicle headlights completely blind the opposing drivers?
2.5 carlengths
313
When the eye moves from light to dark, vision recovery takes at least:
6 seconds
314
When the eye moves from dark to light, vision recovery takes at least:
3 seconds
315
The first color to leave the vision spectrum in darkness is:
Red
316
One minute of stopped traffic causes how much of an additional travel delay?
4 minutes
317
Incident commanders should place landing zones where?
Off the roadway
318
When multiple agencies are involved in an incident, what should be set up to ensure coordination?
Unified Command
319
In VDOTs traffic incident level system, Impact to the traveled roadway estimated to be less than 30 min with no lane blockage or with minor lane blockage is designated to be a:
Level I incident
320
In VDOTs traffic incident level system, Impact to the traveled roadway estimated to be more than 2 hr, OR the roadway is closed in any single direction is designated to be a:
Level III incident
321
What is the most common emergency responses?
Vehicle accidents
322
When units respond together in the same direction how should they respond?
Single file
323
When should vehicle operators use designated median strip crossovers?
When they can complete the turn without obstructing the flow of traffic
324
When the responding apparatus's route of travel requires crossing the flexible delineator markers, how should the driver/operator proceed?
Reduce speed and pass through at a shallow angle
325
When is it appropriate for fire and ems crews to cross lanes of traffic on foot?
Roadway is completely shut down
326
Who takes responsibility for apparatus placement?
Driver and Officer
327
When labeling the travel lanes, what is the inside travel lane designated as?
Lane 1
328
What is the outside travel lane labeled as?
Lane 3
329
What direction should the engine company driver place the wheels when operating at a roadway incident?
Wheels rotated away from incident
330
How far away should blocking apparatus be placed from the first operating units?
50 feet
331
Where shall ems units position on roadway incidents?
Within the shielded work area
332
The first arriving unit regardless of type will position where?
Take the position normally taken by the first arriving engine company
333
If an incident requires personnel to channel traffic around a curve or hill, where shall the first cone or flare be placed?
Prior to the hill or curve
334
Personnel operating within a roadway should wear high visibility safety apparel that meets what standard?
ANSI 107-2010
335
When exciting the apparatus on a roadway incident, what side of the apparatus should you exit?
Work area
336
When may emergency warning lights be turned off?
Daylight hours, all vehicles have been moved out of traffic, traffic is congested and passing slowly
337
How long does it take your eyes to adjust when moving from light to dark?
6 seconds
338
In order to provide maximum night visibility, what lights should be kept on?
Red warning lights, pump panel lights, front and rear spotlights
339
During a Level 1 traffic incident, how long is the expected impact on traffic?
Less than 30 min
340
During a Level 3 traffic incident, what is the expected impact?
More than 2 hr
341
How far behind the first operating unit should blocking apparatus position?
50'
342
What is the act of merging several lanes of moving traffic into fewer moving lanes?
Taper
343
Where should EMS units position?
past the incident but within the shielded work area
344
Designated median strip crossovers marked, ?Authorized Vehicles Only,? should be used when?
When you can make the complete turn without obstructing the flow of traffic
345
Where should the first arriving engine position?
prior to the incident
346
Placing the vehicle at an angle to the lanes with the front wheels rotated away from the incident and the pump panel facing toward the work area is known as what?
fend-off
347
Positioning apparatus on an angle to the lanes of traffic creating a physical barrier between upstream traffic and work area is referred to as what?
Block
348
What does a unit responding from each direction result in?
No delay caused by misinformation
349
Where should EMS units position on residential roadways?
In front of the incident address
350
How should personnel place traffic cones or flares?
while facing oncoming traffic
351
What is the minimum protective clothing for operating on roadway incidents?
helmet and traffic vest
352
What does the acronym LCES stand for?
Lookouts, Communications, Escape route, and Safety zones
353
When the eye moves from light to dark, vision recovery takes how long?
six seconds
354
When moving from dark to light, vision recovery takes how long?
three seconds
355
At 50mph, a vehicle travevls approximately how far per second?
75'
356
How long of an additional travel delay does one minute of stopped traffic cause?
four minute
357
How many different levels of traffic incidents are there, as adopted by VDOT?
3
358
What are the different levels of traffic incidents?
Minor, Intermediate, Major
359
Which incident level is estimated to have a travel impact of more than two hours?
Major
360
What is the space between moving traffic and personnel and vehicles in the protected work area called?
Buffer space
