20.1

Question 1

In 1960, President Eisenhower’s 2nd term wasdrawing to a close, what was the mood like in the US

Answer 1

People were restless because of

1. Suputnik I., Soviet Long Range Missiles
2. American imlitary was falling behind
3. U-2
4. Cuba and Communism

Question 2

What did (D) Kennedy promise

Answer 2

To get America moving again

Question 3

What did V. P Richard Nixon build his plaform on

Answer 3

Eisenhower’s popularity

Question 4

How did the canidates differ in policy decisions

Answer 4

They had similar ones

Question 5

What put Kenneday in the lead

Answer 5

TV and CivilRights Issues

Question 6

How did Kennedy Have an advantage

Answer 6

He had a well organized campaign. He had a wealthy family. He was handsom, charismatic

Question 7

What was the issue with Kennedy?

Answer 7

He was young and many felt that he was inexperienced

Question 8

What was the isue with Kennedy’s religion?

Answer 8

He was Roman Catholic and many people thought that pope would influence American policie, coler ties between the Church and States

Question 9

How did Kennedy combat fears of his religion

Answer 9

Hi discussed it openly

Question 10

What was one event that determined the course of the election

Answer 10

On Sept 26, 1960 70 million TV viewers watched the first televised Presidential Debate

Question 11

During the debate, what were some topics of discussion

Answer 11

POlicy. Nixon hoped to reveal Kennedys Inexperience)

Question 12

How did Kennedy do in the debate?

Answer 12

Well. He was coached by TV producers and and spoke better the Kennedy.

Question 13

What did Kennedy’s success in the debate launch

Answer 13

THE TV AGE

Question 14

What was another major event that took place during the campaign

Answer 14

Police in Atlanta Georgia arrenst MLK JR and and 33 other African American demonstrators for sitting at a segregated lunch counter. King was sentenced to hard labor for a traffic violation

Question 15

What did the Eusenhower admin do about the MLK incident

Answer 15

Nothing. Nixon refused to interven e

Question 16

What did Kennedyy do about MLA

Answer 16

JFK telephoned Coretta Scott King to express sympathy. Robert Kenned (brother and campaign manager persuaded Kings judge to release the leader on bail and call forr appeal

Question 17

How did the Kennedy actions during the MLK incident influence the election.

Answer 17

It helped him

Question 18

What did Kennedy’s innaguaration set the tone for

Answer 18

A new era at the white house: One of elegance, grace and wit

Question 19

Who did Kennedy invite to his innaguration?>

Answer 19

100 writers, artists, scientist, opera singer like Marion Anderson

Question 20

What is Kennedy’s most famous quote?

Answer 20

And so mu fellpw Americans, ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do fo ryour country

Question 21

What did the Kennedy’s innaguration set the tone for

Answer 21

A new era at the white house of grace, elegance, and wit

Question 22

During his term, what di dthe Kennedys do

Answer 22

Jackie invited lots of artists and actors.

John appeared on TV

Question 23

What did the press like about JFK

Answer 23

He had wit and charm

Question 24

What did critics of JFK say he lacked

Answer 24

substance

Question 25

How did JFK captivate the PIblic

Answer 25

They learned that he could read 1600 words a minute. Many enrolled in speed reading classes

Question 26

How did the First Lady fascinated the nation

Answer 26

Wither her eye for fashion. culture.

Question 27

What did newspapers fill their pages with

Answer 27

Pictures and stories of Caroline and JOhn

Question 28

What was Kennedys white house compared to

Answer 28

Camelot

Question 29

What did Kennedy surround himself with

Answer 29

The brightest and best team. This included McGeorge Bundy, a harvard university dean as National security advisor Robert McNamara: President of Ford Motor company as secretary of defense Dean Rusk president of the Rockefeller foundation as secretary of state

Question 30

Who did kennedy rely on most

Answer 30

Robert Kennedy: attorney General

Question 31

At the beginning of his administration, what did Kennedy focus on most?

Answer 31

COld War

Question 32

What did Kennedy conclude the Soviets were doing?

Answer 32

Gaining Loyalties in 3rd world countrie of Asia Africa Lantin America. He blasted republicans for allowing this to happen

Question 33

What did Kennedy believe was the nations most urgent task

Answer 33

To redefine the nations nuclear strategy

Question 34

What was the Eisenhower administartion s policy for nuclear strategy

Answer 34

Massive retaliation to deter Soviet aggression and imperialism. Kennedy didn't want to use nuclear weapons for a minor conflict

Question 35

What was Kennedy's policy

Answer 35

Felxible Response where he increased defense spending in order to boost conventional military forces-nonnuclear forces such as troos, ships, and artilery. An elite branch of the army was teh Greeen Berets. He tripled the overall nuclear capabilities of the US

Question 36

What did the changes enable the US to do

Answer 36

Fight all over the world in limited wars while maintaining nuclear balance with the Soviets.

Question 37

About 2 weeks before Kennedy took offfice on Jan 3, 1961 what did Pres. Eisenhower do

Answer 37

Cut of diplomatic relations with Fidel Castro

Question 38

What did Fidel Castro openly declare himself as

Answer 38

A Communist and welcomed aid from the Soviets

Question 39

How did Castro gain power

Answer 39

with the promise of democracy

Question 40

From 1951-1956 what did Castro do

Answer 40

Led a guerill amovement to overthrow the dictator Fulgeriao Batista

Question 41

In 1959 after he won control of Cuba, what did Castro tell reporters

Answer 41

Revolutions are not born, they are mdae up of poverty, inequality, and dictatorship

Question 42

What did the US do to the new gov. of cuba

Answer 42

They were suspiscious of Castros intentions but recognized it

Question 43

What did Castro do, once he established power

Answer 43

Seized 3 american and british refinaries and broke up commercial farms into communes that would be worked by formerlly landless peasant s

Question 44

As a result of Castros actions, what did American sugar companies do?

Answer 44

They appealled to the US government for help ( They controlled 75% of the crop land in Cuba)

Question 45

Wht did Castro rely on

Answer 45

Soviet aid and politcal repression

Question 46

What were some views on Castro

Answer 46

They were taken by his charism and wilingness to stand uo to the US. OThers saw him as a tyrant

Question 47

How much of Cuba's population went into exile?

Answer 47

They went to Miami, 10%

Question 48

In March 1960, what did Pres. Eisenhower give permission to the CIA to do?

Answer 48

To train Cubane xiles for an invasion of Cuba

Question 49

What did the CIA and eiles hope?

Answer 49

That the invasion would trigger a mass upriseing and would overthrow castro

Question 50

When did Kennedy learn of the Bay of Pigs

Answer 50

Nine days after the election. But, he approved it

Question 51

On April 17, 1961 how many Cuban exiles landed on the southern coast at the Bay of Pigs

Answer 51

1300-1500 all were backed by the military

Question 52

What happened to the Air Strikes that were going to knock out the CUban air force

Answer 52

They failed

Question 53

What did the CIA report about the air strike

Answer 53

That it succeeded

Question 54

What was sent to distract Castro's forces

Answer 54

A small advance group that never reached shore

Question 55

What happened to the main unit who landed on shore

Answer 55

They lacked American support and it faced 25,000 CUban troops

Question 56

Who were the Cubans backed by

Answer 56

Soviet tanks and jets

Question 57

What happened to the exiles

Answer 57

Some were killed, others were imprisoned.

Question 58

How did the CUbanmedia respond to this

Answer 58

"The defeat of MOrth Ameircan Menicerairis

Question 59

What was the US

Answer 59

We looked like fools to our friends, rascals to our enemies, and imcompetents to the others

Question 60

How did Kennedy react

Answer 60

He accepted blame, but privately wondered how the CIA and others could be so wrong

Question 61

Kennedy did what to Castro

Answer 61

Negotiated for the release of the exiles for 53 million ransom in food and medical supplies

Question 62

What did Kennedy sayafter the bOP

Answer 62

That he would resist further communist expansion in the western hemisphere

Question 63

What did Nikita Khruscheve Promise

Answer 63

To defend Cuba with soviet arms

Question 64

During the summer of 1962, what happened

Answer 64

The flow to Cuba of Soviet weapons including nuclear missiles

Question 65

What did Kennedy say about the flow of nuclear weapons

Answer 65

America would not tolerate nuclear weapons in Cuba

Question 66

On Oct 14, what did photos taken by American planes reveal

Answer 66

Soviet missile bases in Cuba with missiles ready to launch

Question 67

What did Kennedy tell the American people on Oct 20, 1962

Answer 67

He told them about the missiles. For 6 days, everyone thought that there would be a full scale nuclear war

Question 68

When Soviet sships went back and forth, what did people think

Answer 68

That they were carrying nuclear weapons to cuba

Question 69

What did the U.S's Navy do

Answer 69

Prepared a quarantine to Cuba and stationed 100,00 troops in Florida

Question 70

What was the stationing of troops in Florida.

Answer 70

The largest assembling of troops ever.

Question 71

What was the first break in teh crisis

Answer 71

Soviet ships stopped suddenly to avoid a confrontation at sea

Question 72

What did Khruschev offer

Answer 72

To remove all missiles fro Cuba if the US pledged not to attack the island

Question 73

What the US secretly agree to

Answer 73

To remove missiles from Turkey

Question 74

How was Khruschev's prestige

Answer 74

Severely damageed

Question 75

After the missile crisis, how was kennedy criticized

Answer 75

for practicing brinksmanship when private talks might have happened. He passed up an opportunity to get cuba

Question 76

What did Cuban exiles do

Answer 76

blamed democrats and many switched to the republican party

Question 77

What was the agreement that the US and Cuba had

Answer 77

That cubans could join reletives in teh United states

Question 78

What guided JFK through teh CUban missile crisis

Answer 78

He wanted to proove to Khruschev and the world that he would contain communism

Question 79

What was the Berlin Wall

Answer 79

A concrete wall topped with barbed wire. In the

Question 80

In the 11 years since the Berlin Airlift, what percent of GDR had fled to the FDR

Answer 80

20% or 3 million

Question 81

What did the refugees advertise

Answer 81

The failure of the communist gov and it weakened the exonomy

Question 82

Khruschev had to solve the problem of Berlin. At a summitt in Vienna, in June 1961, he threatened to close all roads; acces to Berlin

Question 83

What did Kennedy say to khruschev

Answer 83

He would not give up West Berlin.Even though Nicki was annoyed, JFK told americans that they wouldn't leave

Question 84

When was the Berlin Wall built

Answer 84

August 13, 1961

Question 85

What showdowns did JFK and Khruschev show

Answer 85

The gravity of splitsecond descisions

Question 86

What was teh hotline

Answer 86

a phone between the 2 leaders so that they could communicate

Question 87

The Limited Test Ban Treaty

Answer 87

Barre nuclear testing in the atomospher e