Chapter 18.4 Two Nations Live on the Edge

Question 1

What was not common until the Eusenhower years?

Answer 1

Air Raid drills

Question 2

In1949,what decision did Truman have to make?

Answer 2

Whether to develop the hydrogen bomb

Question 3

What were facts about the hydrogen bomb?

Answer 3

That it was even more destructive then the atomic bomb and would have the force of 1 million tons of TNT

Question 4

What was the issue with it?

Answer 4

Mortality

Question 5

Despite all of these concerns, what did the US do?

Answer 5

enter into a deadly race with the Soviet Union to see which country would be the first to produce the bomb

Question 6

Who won the HBOMB race

Answer 6

The americans, On Nov. 1st 1952 they exploded one but the soviets exploded one in less then a year

Question 7

By the time both countries had exploded the bomb, whowas president

Answer 7

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Question 8

John Foster Dulles

Answer 8

Was the secretary of state and he was against communism. For him, the cold war was a moral crusaid

Question 9

What did Dullespropose

Answer 9

That the US could prevent the spread of communism by promising to use all of its force including nuclear weapons against any enemy

Question 10

What was teh policy/willingness of the United States to go into an all out war?

Answer 10

Brinksmanship

Question 11

Under Brinksmanship, what did the US do>

Answer 11

trimmed its army and navy and expanded the airforce and buildup of nuclear weapons

Question 12

What did the Soviet do

Answer 12

they followed the us

Question 13

What did Americans do to protect themselves from bombs

Answer 13

Practiced air raid drills because the threat was unlike one they had ever faced

Question 14

CIA

Answer 14

Central Inteliigance Agency

Question 15

What did the CIA do?

Answer 15

Used spies to gather information abroad. They also began to carry out secret operations to overthrow governments unfriendly to the United States

Question 16

In 1951, Irans Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh did what

Answer 16

nationalized Irans oil field, placing private industries (owned by GB) under iran.

Question 17

How did the Great Britain protest against the oil

Answer 17

stopped buying oil

Question 18

What happened to the Iranian Economy?

Answer 18

It faltered and

Question 19

What did the United States fear in regards to Iran

Answer 19

That they would trun to the Soviets for help

Question 20

What did the CIA do as a result

Answer 20

They gave several million dollars to anti MOssadegh supporters

Question 21

Why did the United States interfere in Iranian Affaris

Answer 21

They wanted the pro American Shah to return to powr

Question 22

What did the Shah do when he returned to power

Answer 22

gave control of oil fields to western companies

Question 23

What did Eisenhower believe about the people in Guatamala (the govt

Answer 23

That they were communist sympathies because it gave more then 200,000 American owned land to peasants.

Question 24

What did the CIA do as a result of the Guatemal thing

Answer 24

they trained an army and invaded Guatemala then, becasue the Guatemalan Army refused to defend the president, they CIA installed a dictatorship

Question 25

How did US Soviet tensions thaw

Answer 25

Stalin died

Question 26

What did the Soviets recognize

Answer 26

West Germany

Question 27

What provoked Soviet fear

Answer 27

West Germany was allowed to rearm and join NATO

Question 28

What was the Warsaw Pact

Answer 28

It linked the Soviet Union wiht seven Eastern European Countries -their satellite nations

Question 29

In July 1955, Eisenhower traveled where and what did he propose

Answer 29

He travelled to Geneva to meet with Soviet leaders. He proposed an open sky proposal

Question 30

What was the open skies proposal?

Answer 30

Where the Soviet Union and United States would allow flights around one another's territory

Question 31

How did the Soviets react to the Open Skies proposal?

Answer 31

They rejected it

Question 32

How did the world see the conference of Geneva

Answer 32

as a step towards peace

Question 33

In 1955, the same year as the Geneva summit Great Britain and the US agreed to help

Answer 33

Egypt finace the construction of a dam at Aswan on the Nile River

Question 34

What did Gamal Abdel Nasser, Egypts head of government did what?

Answer 34

They tried to play the Soviets and Americans against each other by usign each to get more aid.

Question 35

in 1956, How did Dulles respond to Nassers agreements?

Answer 35

He withdrew his offer of a loan.

Question 36

How did Nasser respond to Dulles withdrawing the loan

Answer 36

he naitonalized the Suez Canal the Egyptian waterway that was owned by France nad Great Britain.

Question 37

How did the Dranch and British respond?

Answer 37

They were outraged

Question 38

How did Egytian control of the canal affect Israel

Answer 38

Nasser refused to let ships bound for SIrael t pass through the cana, even though it was supposed to be open to all nations

Question 39

Which countries responded and how?

Answer 39

Great Britain, France, and ISrael rsponded by sending troops. They seized the comediterranean end of the canal and the Un steppend in. IT told countries to withdraw and allowed Egypt ot keep control of the canal

Question 40

How did soviet prestige increase in the middle east

Answer 40

for the support of egypt

Question 41

what did President Eisenhower issue in Janurary 1957

Answer 41

The Eisenhower Doctorine which said that the UNited States would defend the Middle East against an attack by any communist country

Question 42

What happened in Hungary

Answer 42

A revolt. They had been domiated by the Soviet Union since the end of World War II and they wanted a democratic government

Question 43

Imre Nagy

Answer 43

The most popular libreal Hungarian ocmmunist formed a new government promising free elections and denounced the warsaw pact demanding that the Soviets leave

Question 44

How did the Soviets respond to Hungary

Answer 44

They rolled into there and killed 30,000 people

Question 45

Armed with only pistals and bottles,

Answer 45

Hungarian freedom ighters threw up barricaieds and fought the invaders

Question 46

What did the Soviets do\>

Answer 46

Threw nagay away and replaced it with a new govtAl

Question 47

Although the Truman doctorine promised to help,

Answer 47

They didn't

Question 48

Did United Nations hep

Answer 48

NO, because of the Soviet Union

Question 49

Who took over after Stalin died

Answer 49

Nikita Khruschev

Question 50

What ddi Nikita believe

Answer 50

That communism would take over the world, but he thought that he coud do it peacefull, and the powers would compete both economically and scientifically

Question 51

Who won the Sace Race

Answer 51

Soviets, they launched Sputnik on October4, 1957

Question 52

How did Americans react to Sputinik

Answer 52

They were shocked and built a satellite that failed. On Jan 31st, however, they succeded

Question 53

After the rejection of open skies, what did the CIA do

Answer 53

Made secret high altitude fights over Soviet territory. The plane used for these missions was the U-2

Question 54

How did the Soviets detect the missiles

Answer 54

infrared cameras

Question 55

By 1960, many officials were nervous about them. The soviets were aware. Who flew one last flight by the persuasion of Dulles

Answer 55

Francis Gary Powers

Question 56

What happened to Powers

Answer 56

He was shot down and forced to come to Soviet territory and then sentanced to prison

Question 57

How did Eisenhower react to the sentaning)

Answer 57

He denied that the flights had happened for sometime, then he admitted it but did now apologize

Question 58

How did Nikita respond

Answer 58

Called off a summit (on the Arms race) and didn't let Eisenhower Visit the Soviet uunion