2020 Lit

Question 1

abomasitis survivors (calves) were

Answer 1

less hypothermic, less acidemic, had lower lactate and creat

Question 2

most common lab findings in calves with abomasitis

Answer 2

hyper L-lactate, high GGT, low TP

Question 3

most common isolates of abomasitis in calves

Answer 3

clostridium and e. coli

Question 4

management of dental disease in alpacas

Answer 4

recommend doing BCS, palpating mandibles, cleaning pastures, and decreasing herd size to decrease risk

Question 5

what was associated with increased odds of pulp exposure in alpacas

Answer 5

infrequent pasture cleaning

Question 6

in the study of cross country horses, what did the strong ion approach find?

Answer 6

identified a higher proportion of metabolic acidosis

Question 7

how are glucose and insulin affected by alpha 2 agonists

Answer 7

xylazine was found to cause rebound hyperinsulinemia in ID horses

Question 8

how does C1-C2 CSF collection differ from LS

Answer 8

lower mean protein and RBC count

Question 9

does freezing and thawing affect ACTH concentrations in samples?

Answer 9

yes, increasingly so with repeated cycles, so unfrozen samples should be used

Question 10

how does nebulizing dex affect bacteria in the URT

Answer 10

decreased microbial diversity - EHV-2 increased and EHV-5 decreased

Question 11

how does nebulizing saline affect URT bacteria

Answer 11

there was a significant decrease in strep

Question 12

how does transport affect gastric ulceration

Answer 12

significantly increases risk of squamous ulcers
feeding prior can = delayed emptying
despite increased pH

Question 13

most frequently isolated bacteria from infected IVC’s in cattle/sheep/goats

Answer 13

coagulase negative staph

Question 14

treatment of CDI in a horse

Answer 14

daily SC injections of desmopressin acetate, a synthetic AVP(ADH) analog

Question 15

Paraoxonase-1

Answer 15

biomarker that decreases during inflammation, like SIRS - low value may predict negative outcome

Question 16

what is significantly lower in non-surviving small ruminants with re-feeding syndrome

Answer 16

P

Question 17

non thyroidal illness syndrome in foals

Answer 17

foals born from mares with placentitis

sick non survivors had significantly lower T3:cortisol and T4:cortisol ratio vs survivors at 12 and 24 hours – TH alone not associated with outcome though

placental infections impair fetal thyroid function

Question 18

surgical treatment of hyperparathyroidism is more successful when

Answer 18

single tumor at the thoracic inlet

Question 19

hyper-PTH managed medically will result in what

Answer 19

the horse remains hyper calcemic

Question 20

CS of primary hyper PTH

Answer 20

weight loss
hypercalcemia
hyper PTH

Question 21

in the 2020 EJV Cozar paper, post op colic sx complications were associated with

Answer 21

• strangulations
• higher fibrinogen at admision

Question 22

in the 2020 EJV Cozar paper, survival to discharge was associated with

Answer 22

lower SAA at 5 days post op

Question 23

synchronized vaccination schedules can lead to

Answer 23

high risk periods when all horses immunity is waning at once

Question 24

____ @ diagnosis of severe pyloric lesions = less likely to survive

Answer 24

age less than 3 years

Question 25

what cells are reduced in horses with IBC

Answer 25

interstitical cells of cajal

Question 26

remission of headshaking with PENS

Answer 26

53%, median time 9.5 weeks

Question 27

APD's > 25 per 24hrs in the 5d period post AF conversion indicates what

Answer 27

risk of AF recurrence in the year following TVEC Tx

Question 28

equine rhinitis A virus respiratory dz

Answer 28

- attack rate for infectious resp dz 97.9% - median recovery time 6d - later born foals less likely to recover quickly

Question 29

most common abnormalities on admit with atypical myopathy

Answer 29

hypertriglyceridemia 92% hyperlactatemia 89% hyperglycemia 76%

Question 30

atypical myopathy survivors had ?

Answer 30

lower blood lactate and lower CK about 44% survivors in the Dunkel 2020 study

Question 31

atypical myopathy non survivors had

Answer 31

increasing CK and TG

Question 32

acylCo-A dehydrogenase deficiency -impaired mitochondrial metabolism -excess lipid within myofibers

Answer 32

atypical myopathy

Question 33

second most common strangulating intestinal lesion in horses

Answer 33

epiploic foramen entrapment

Question 34

most important predisposing factor for epiploic foramen entrapment recurrence

Answer 34

intra-abdominal pressure

Question 35

most frequent location of intestinal neoplasia (dyson 2020)

Answer 35

jejunum

Question 36

procalcitonin

Answer 36

peritoneal concentration > 281pg/ml can indicate strangulating intestinal lesions, sensitivity 81%

Question 37

optimal serum total protein for neonatal dairy calves associated with health and growth

Answer 37

6.0 - 8.5 g.dL

Question 38

most common genital tract tumor type in goats

Answer 38

adenocarcinoma -- high odds of mets -- increased odds of euthanasia in does that are straining -- pygmy goats over-represented -- median age 10yrs -- overall survival low 30%

Question 39

what parameters were associated with neuro signs in foals (Dunkel 2020)

Answer 39

Na (low) and BUN (high)

Question 40

Dunkel found that ___ Na was associated with neuro signs in foals

Answer 40

low hypo defined as Na <125mmol/L

Question 41

most important risk factor for incisional hernia formation

Answer 41

infection 30-60 days post op

Question 42

sodium correction

Answer 42

Current recommendations are to treat chronic and acute hyponatremia equally conservatively if Na+ concentrations are <120 mmol/L. In symptomatic cases, an increase of 4 to 8 mmol/L (approximately 5% increase in Na+ concentration) over the first 6 hours of therapy often alleviates clinical signs, and further increases should not exceed a total of 10 mmol/L/d. In cases with no neurological symptoms, a gradual increase by 10% per day should be targeted.