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2nd Year - Pathology > 2.04 - Infectious > Flashcards

2.04 - Infectious Flashcards

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1
Q

causative agent of syphilis

A

treponema pallidum

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2
Q

Vectors of rickettsial infections

A

Arthropods: ticks, body louse, chigger

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3
Q

Route of entry of salmonella typhi

A

Feco-oral route

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4
Q

Route of entry of e. histolytica

A

Feco-oral route

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5
Q

Lysozyme protects against infection by ___

A

degrading peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall

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6
Q

Reason why women have more than 10x as many UTIs than men

A

Length of urethra is shorter for women (5cm) than for men (20 cm) so there is a short distance between the bladder and the skin

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7
Q

True or False: Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that require the metabolic machinery of the host cell

A

True

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8
Q

Enumerate the cytopathic effects of viral injury

A

Formation of INCLUSION BODIES
Reduced host cell function
Cell injury, lysis and death

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9
Q

Form of viral infection:

Results from either a defective virus or when the host cell is not permissive and prohibits the replication of the virus

A

Abortive infection

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10
Q

Form of viral infection:

Usually short duration and lasts for only a few days

A

Acute/Transient infection

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11
Q

Form of viral infection:

Virus is present but not actively producing demonstrable disease

A

Latent Infection

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12
Q

Form of viral infection:

Virus is present in the latent sate; characterized by relapses of active infection

A

Persistent infection

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13
Q

__ are inclusion bodies that are diagnostic histologic findings in rabies

A

Negri bodies

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14
Q

Pseudomonas has __ which kills neutrophils

A

Leukotoxins

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15
Q

What component of staphylococci binds the Fc portion of the antibody ti inhibit phagocytosis

A

Protein A

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16
Q

Pathognomonic finding in herpes simplex virus

A

Cowdry type A inclusions

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17
Q

Genital herpes is more commonly caused by (hsv 2 or hsv1)

A

HSV 2

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18
Q

__ is a condition when VZV caused an acute infection

A

Chicken pox

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19
Q

__ is the condition when a latent VZV is reactivated

A

Shingles

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20
Q

Mode of transmission of VZV

A

Aerosol or droplet inhalation

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21
Q

The most common viral opportunistic pathogen in AIDS

A

Cytomegalovirus

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22
Q

Owl’s eye appearance is characterisit of ___ infection

A

Cytomegalovirus infection

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23
Q

EBV infection is transmitted through the __

A

Saliva through kissing

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24
Q

___ is a condition characterized by benign self-limited lymphoproliferative disease (sore throat, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and presence of atypical lymphocytes)

A

Infectious mononucleosis

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25
Inflammatory response characterized by increased vascular permeability and neutrophillic inflitration
Suppurative/purulent inflammation
26
Inflammatory response to viruses, intracellular bacteria and intracellular parasite composed of lymphocutes, plasma cells, macrophages
Mononuclear inflammation
27
Inflammatory response to infectious agents that resist eradication and capable of stimulating a strong cell-mediated immunity
Granulomatous inflammation
28
Inflammatory response that is characterized by tissue damage, loss of nuclear staining, preservation of cellular outline and may resemble infarcts
Tissue necrosis
29
Distribution of rash in measles
centrifugal distribution: going from the face outward going to the trunk and proximal extremities
30
Koplik spots is pathognomonic sign of
Measles infection
31
Triad of measles
Cough Coryza Conjunctivitis
32
__ are large germinal centers and randomly distributed multinucleated giant cells in lymphoid organs which are pathognomonic microscopic sign of measles
Warthin-Finkelday cells
33
Cause of dengue fever
Flavivirus (serotype 1-4)
34
Eukaryotes with chitin and ergosterol in their cell membranes
Fungi
35
Causative agent of syphillis
Treponema pallidum
36
What are the two cell surface receptors for the measles virus
CD 46 - inactivates C3 convertase | Signaling Lymphocytuc Activation Molecule - involved in T cell activation
37
Koplik Spots are pathognomonic for ___ infeaction
Measles infection
38
In measles infection, lymphoid organs exhibit the following: ___
Follicular hyperplasia Large germinal centers Warthin-Finkelday cells
39
MOT of measles virus
Droplet inhalation
40
MOT of mumps virus
Droplet inhlation
41
Receptor of polio virus in humans that's why polio virus only infects humans
Human CD155
42
MOT of polio virus
Feco-oral route
43
Site of multiplication of flavivirus
Reticular Endothelial System
44
Clinical symptoms in poliomyelitis
Flaccid paralysis Muscle wasting Hyporeflexia
45
Gingivostomatitis in herpes infection is caused by
HSV-1
46
Genital herpes is more commonly caused by
HSV-2
47
MOT of VZV
Droplet inhalation
48
Tissues usually infected by VZV
mucous membranes, skin and neurons
49
Characteristic microscopic finding in CMV infection
Owl's eye appearance
50
___ virus causes infectious mononucleosis
Epstein-Barr Virus
51
CD 16+ NK cells is found in what specific infection
EBV infection
52
Atypical lymphocytes in EBV infection is characterized by:
Large Contains azurophilic granules and vacuolations Indented nucleus Indented cytoplasm due to surrounding RBCs
53
N. meningitidis attaches to
epithelial cells of nasopharynx
54
N. gonorrhea attaches to epithelial cells of
mucous membranes of the GUT eye rectum throat
55
Presentation of N. gonorrhea in males
Urethritis with purulent discharge and painful stimulation
56
Presentation of N. gonorrhea in females
Mostly asymptomatic
57
Presentation of N. gonorrhea in children
Gonococcla opthalmia neonatorum: conjunctivitis
58
Hallmark of meningococcal disease
Vasculitic purpura
59
___ paralyzes the respiratory cilia in whooping cough
Pertussis toxin
60
___ are skin lesions in sepsis due to pseudomonas aeruginosa; necrotic and hemorrhagic oval skin lesions
Ecthyma gangrenosum
61
Causative agent for chancroid
Hemophilus ducreyi
62
genital ulcer that is soft, tender, with ragged and not-indurated edges, usually covered by yellowish gray exudate
Chancroid
63
Causative agent for granuloma inguinale
coccobacilus Klebsiella granulomatis
64
chronic ulcerative disease that is painless, with rolled and indurated edges, with friable base with abundant beefy red granulation tissue; bleeds easily
ulcer in granuloma inguinale
65
Diagnostic histologic finding in granuloma inguinale
Donovan bodies
66
Small round encapsulated coccobacilli enclosed within the cytoplasm of macrophages
Donovan bodies
67
MOT of Klebsiella granulomatis
Sexual contact
68
M. tuberculosis is usually found in what part of the lung
Apex of the lungs (because it is aerobic)
69
Pathogenic determinant of M. tuberculosis which inhibits macrophage activation
Lipoarabinomannan (LAM)
70
Pathogenic determinant of M. tuberculosis which elicits granuloma formation, inhibits polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration, and attacks mitochondrial membranes
Cord factor
71
Lesion that is characteristic of secondary TB
caseation necrotic leasion in the apex with cavitation
72
Presumptive laboratory diagnosis in tuberculosis
AFB stain
73
definitive laboratory diagnosis for tuberculosis
Culture
74
Areas/organs of the body resistant to TB
Heart Striated muscle Thyroid gland Pancreas
75
Histologic presentation of MAC in HIV patients
Absence of granuloma | Presence of abundant acid-fast bacili within macrophages
76
Site of replication of M. leprae
only in mononuclear phagocytic cells (histiocytes of skin and schwann cell of the peripheral nerves)
77
causative agent of syphilis
Treponema pallidum
78
Causative agent of relapsing fever
Borrelia recurrentis
79
Causative agent of lyme disease
Borrelia burgdorferi
80
among the ulcers of syphilis, granuloma inguinale, and chancroid, which ulcer is painful?
Cancroid or soft chancre
81
predominant cell response in primary syphillis
Plasma cells
82
Clinical presentation of secondary syphilis
Rash Condylomata latum Lymphadenopathy
83
3 manifestations of tertiary syphilis
Syphilitic aortitis Neurosyphilis Gumma
84
Presentation of congenital syphilis
Saddle nose deformity
85
Manifestation of Late (childhood/tardive) congenital syphilis
Hutchinson's Triad: - Interstitial keratitis - Hutchinson teeth - Eight nerve deafness
86
Distinctive feature of Lyme arthritis
Presence of an arteritis with onion skin-like lesions
87
Major arthropod-borne disease in the USA, Europe, and Japan
Lyme disease
88
Manifestation of Stage 1 Lyme disease
Erythema chronicum migrans (bull's eye lesion due to pale center) Fever Lymphadenopathy
89
Vector of Lyme disease
Ixodes scapularis
90
Trachoma is caused by
Chlamydia A,B,C
91
Urogenital infections and inclusion conjunctivitis is caused by what serotypes of chlamydia
Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes D to K
92
Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes L1, L2, and L3 causes ___
Lymphogranuloma venereum
93
Groove sign or enlarged inguinal lymph nodes is seen in ___
Lymphogranuloma venereum
94
Microscopic pathologic finding in Rickettsial infection
Thrombosed vessels and vasculitis
95
What infection has characterisitc flask-shaped ulcerations
Amoebiasis
96
Cysticercosis is caused by
pork tapeworm, Taenia solium
97
What si the predomniant inflammatory cell in viral encephalitis
lymphocytes

2nd Year - Pathology (9 decks)

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