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Biology > 2.1 Cell Structure And Function > Flashcards

2.1 Cell Structure And Function Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of Golgi apparatus?

A

-Processes, modifies, packs and transports chemicals such as protein into secretory vesicles.
-Formation of lysosome

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2
Q

What is the function of mitochondrion?

A

-Generates energy through glucose oxidation during cellular respiration
-Energy released in the form of ATP molecules (Adenosine Triphosphate)
to be used by the cells

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3
Q

What is the function of lysosome?

A

-Lysosome contains hydrolytic enzyme that breaks down complex organic molecules such as protein and lipid
-Lysosome contains lysozyme that digest bacteria and damaged cell components

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4
Q

What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

A

Transports the protein synthesised by ribosomes to other parts of the cell such as Golgi apparatus.

(Concept: Transport raw materials to a factory)

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5
Q

What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Synthesises and transports glycerol and lipid
Carries out detoxification of drugs and metabolic byproducts

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6
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts?

A

Chloroplasts contains chlorophyll that traps sunlight and convert it into chemical energy during photosynthesis.

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7
Q

What is the function of centriole?

A

Forms spindle fibre during cell division in animal cells

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8
Q

What are the functions of plasma membrane?

A

-Separates the content of cell from the external environment
-Allows the exchange of respiratory gases, nutrients and waste products between cells and its surrounding
-Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

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9
Q

What does nucleus contain?

A

Nucleolus (in the middle of the nucleus), nuclear membrane (outermost layer), nucleoplasm and chromatin (that contains deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA])

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10
Q

What is the function of nucleus?

A

-Control all cell activities
-Consist of chromosome that contains deoxyribonucleic acids that carry genetic information and determine the metabolic functions.

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11
Q

What plant cells do not have chloroplasts?

A

-Underground organs and inner stem cell have no chloroplasts because no sunlight can reach them. Therefore, chloroplasts will be useless.
-Fruits and flowers usually have no chloroplasts too. This is because their main function is for reproduction and dispersal.

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12
Q

Compare and contrast animal cells and plant cells.

A

Similarities:
Both cells are made up of nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, plasma membrane, Golgi apparatus, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER), Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER), and ribosomes.
Differences:
Plant cells
-Has a fixed shape
-Has a cell wall
-Has chloroplasts
-Has a large vacuole
-Stores carbohydrates in the form of starch
-Does not have a centriole
Animal cells
-Does not have a fixed shape
-Does not have cell wall
-Does not have chloroplasts
-No vacuole/ small vacuole
-Stores carbohydrates in the form of glycogen
-Has centrioles

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13
Q

What will happen to a plant cell if mitochondrion is absent?

A

Energy will not be generated since there is no mitochondrion.
No cellular respiration and thus no cell activities will take place.

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14
Q

What will happen if chloroplasts is absent in a plant cell?

A

Unable to carry out photosynthesis and production of food in plants will be affected.

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15
Q

What will happen if ribosome is absent?

A

No protein will be synthesised

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16
Q

What will happen if lysosome is absent?

A

Complex organic compound such as protein and lipid will not be hydrolysed.
Bacteria and damaged cell components will not be digested without the hydrolytic enzymes, lysozyme from the lysosome.

17
Q

What will happen if Golgi apparatus is absent?

A

Chemicals such as protein and glycoproteins will not be processed and modified.
Chemicals will not be packaged to secretory vesicles.
Therefore, protein will not be transported to other part of the cell.

18
Q

State two examples of the cell sap content.

A

Water and mineral salts/ carbon dioxide and oxygen/ enzymes and metabolic byproducts

19
Q

State three characteristics of plasma membrane.

A

-Mare up of proteins and phospholipids
-Partially permeable
-Thin and elastic

20
Q

Which two organelle of plant cells are partially permeable?

A

Plasma membrane and vacuole

21
Q

State three characteristics of cell wall.

A

Fully permeable, strong and rigid, made up of cellulose fibre.

22
Q

What is the function of cytoplasm?

A

Acts as a medium for biochemical reaction.

23
Q

What is the function of vacuole?

A

Water is diffuses into the vacuole plant cell, the cell becomes turgid.

24
Q

What will the absence of mitochondrion cause to human.

A

-caused stunted growth, weak muscles, vision and hearing problems
-Also diseases related to kidney, liver and heart

Biology (4 decks)

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