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Microbiology > 21 - Skin & Eye Infections > Flashcards

21 - Skin & Eye Infections Flashcards

1
Q

aWhat are the bacterias that cause staphylococcal skin infections?

A
  1. Staphylococcus epidermis
  2. S. aureus
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2
Q

What is the grain stain of staphylococcal skin infections?

A

gram positive

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3
Q

What is the treatment for staphylococcal skin infections? What is used for MRSA specifically?

A

antibiotics - vancomycin

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4
Q

What is the most pathogenic staph for skin infections?

A

S. aureus

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5
Q

What 4 diseases of the skin does S. aureus cause?

A
  1. folliculitis (hair follicle - pimples)
  2. sty (eyelash follicle)
  3. boil (serious follicle infection)
  4. MRSA
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6
Q

How are staphylococcal skin infections transmitted?

A
  • microflora/carriers (nose)
  • bacteria gets into broken skin from microflora/carrier
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7
Q

What is a highly contagious skin infection that is common in young children and causes breaks in the skin and ruptured lesions?

A

impetigo

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8
Q

What is it called when staph leads to toxins causing separation of skin layers?

A

scalded skin syndrome (form of impetigo)

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of staphylococcal skin infections?

A

lesions on skin, painful, red - infected breaks in the skin

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10
Q

What adds virulence to staph skin infections?

A

coagulase

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11
Q

What is the gram reaction of streptococcal skin infections?

A

gram +

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12
Q

How are strept skin infections transmitted?

A

open wounds

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of strept skin infections?

A

destroys tissues

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14
Q

What is the treatment for strept skin infections?

A

antibiotics - in some cases debridement of dead tissues

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15
Q

What is the toxin that lyses open RBCs in strept infections, how many types, and which is the most common in disease?

A

Hemolysin - three (alpha, beta, gamma) - most common= beta

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16
Q

What bacteria causes most streptococcal skin infections?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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17
Q

What prevents phagocytosis and allows adherence to mucous membranes in strept infections?

A

M protein

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18
Q

What is the name of the group A strept, “flesh eating” disease?

A

Necrotizing fasciitis
- destroys tissues fast
- exotoxin A (superantigen, damage and cause immune system to add to damage)

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19
Q

What organism type causes smallpox?

A

variola virus

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20
Q

How is smallpox transmitted?

A

respiratory system - travels through blood then infects skin

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21
Q

What are the symptoms of smallpox?

A

skin lesions

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22
Q

What was the first virus to be eradicated and why?

A
  • smallpox
  • effective vaccine & no animal hosts
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23
Q

What organism type causes chickenpox/shingles?

A

Varicella-zoster virus

24
Q

What is the route of transmission for chickenpox?

A

respiratory system (incubates 2 weeks before skin affected)

25
Q

What are the symptoms of chickenpox?

A

itchy fluid filled vesicles (filled with pus), rupture then scab

26
Q

What are the symptoms of shingles?

A

latent disease - painful rash on one side of the body and also effects nerves

27
Q

What is the treatment for chickenpox/shingles?

A

vaccine

28
Q

What organism type causes herpes simplex?

A

HSV1 virus

29
Q

How is herpes simplex transmitted?

A

orally/respiratory

30
Q

What are the symptoms of herpes simplex?

A
  • cold sores
  • fever blisters on margin of lip
31
Q

Herpes simplex treatment?

A
  • antiviral
  • pain relief
  • run its course
32
Q

Herpes simplex is a latent viral infection what reactivates it?

A

UV radiation, emotions, stress, hormones

33
Q

What type of organism is causes measles?

A

measles virus

34
Q

How is measles spread?

A

respiratory route

35
Q

What is the treatment for measles?

A

vaccine (MMR)

36
Q

Symptoms of measles

A
  • macular rash (first on face then spreads to trunk and extremities)
  • koplik’s spots (small red spots with central blue-white in mouth)
37
Q

Who are the most susceptible to measles?

A

infants

38
Q

What organism causes rubella?

A

Rubella virus

39
Q

What are the symptoms of rubella?

A
  • rash of small red spots, low fever
  • mild version of measles
  • complications rare
40
Q

What is the transmission route of rubella?

A

respiratory route (2-3 week incubation)

41
Q

What is the treatment of rubella?

A

vaccine (MMR)

42
Q

“Slapped-cheek”, mild flu symptoms, red rash on cheeks virus

A

fifth disease

43
Q

High fever followed by rash virus

A

roseola

44
Q

Fever, sore throat, rash on hands, feet, mouth, tongue/cheeks virus

A

hand-foot-and-mouth disease

45
Q

What organism causes an infection via Candida albicans and how?

A
  • yeast
  • opportunistic infection (normal microflora) - skin/mucous membranes
46
Q

Treatment for candida albicans?

A

antifungals

47
Q

Tinea cruris

A

jock itch (fungal)

48
Q

Tinea pedis

A

athletes foot (fungal)

49
Q

Tinea capitis

A

ring worm of the scalp (fungal)

50
Q

What form does tinea form in?

A

circles

51
Q

How are tinea skin infections spread?

A

through touching or infected materials

52
Q

How are tinea infections treated?

A

with topical anti-fungal creams or oral antimicrobials (as needed)

53
Q

Conjunctivitis

A
  • inflammation of conjunctiva/pinkeye
54
Q

What causes conjunctivitis?

A
  • bacteria: most common is Haemophilus influenzae
  • virus: most common is adenoviruses
55
Q

How is conjunctivitis spread?

A
  • through touch
  • highly contagious
56
Q

What are the symptoms of conjunctivitis?

A

red, irritated eye

57
Q

What are the treatments for conjunctivitis?

A

antibiotic eye drops (if bacterial) and wait it out for viral

Microbiology (23 decks)

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