21st Century Britain

Question 1

Social class

Answer 1

-The divide between social classes are becoming less and less noticeable as social mobility has increased
-Sport acts as a platform for the lower classes to get rich
-Upper classes and middle classes play sports such as golf and cricket
-Lower classes play sports such as football and rugby

Question 2

Gender

Answer 2

-Still a gap between male and female participation in sport
-More women are involved in sport and the media

Question 3

Transport

Answer 3

-Most households have at least one car
-Public transport is very common and affordable and is available in many different forms e.g buses, taxis, electric scooters etc
-Air travel is a lot more affordable, which allows for more frequent international fixtures

Question 4

Education and Literacy

Answer 4

-Qualifications available for PE and sport for example A levels, BTECs and GCSEs
-88% of students attending state schools
-7% of students attending public schools
-More degrees for sport

Question 5

Law and Order

Answer 5

Sports legislation becomes more common and sophisticated
-Officials have a duty of care for players
-Spectator Act of 1989- football banning orders can prevent fans from attending games and potentially travelling abroad
-Gender recognition act (2004) allows transgender athletes to compete in their acquired gender

Question 6

Time

Answer 6

-Technological advancements save a lot of time in sport e.g hawkeye in tennis allows for accurate decisions to be made rather than biased decisions
-There is also more leisure time due to less manual jobs being required

Question 7

Money

Answer 7

-Global recession of 2008 had a big impact on the British economy, meaning less money was spent on sport during this time
-COVID 19 also had a huge impact on the British economy, with less money also being spent on sport during this time period
-General society has a larger than ever dispensable income, leading to increase viewership of sport

Question 8

Evaluation of the Gender Equality Act

Answer 8

POSITIVES
-Equal opportunity is more fair
-Increases woman participation in sport
-Challenges gender stereotypes
NEGATIVE
-Takes money away from male sports
-Still a long way for the gender pay gap to be filled
-Activities are still gendered

Question 9

Globalisation definition and characteristics of a globalised sport

Answer 9

-Globalisation is the process by which a sport becomes a worldwide business featuring media coverage, corporate brands, and freedom of movement
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GLOBALISED SPORT
1. Extensive worldwide media coverage
2. Freedom of movement for players
3. Sport is a worldwide business
4. Regular international fixtures
5. Spectators and players can travel to compete at home and away

Question 10

Freedom of movement definition and effects

Answer 10

-Freedom of movement- International law that allows players, spectators, and officials to move between countries for professional sport
EFFECTS OF FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT
1. Allows athletes to travel abroad e.g for altitude training
2. Allows athletes to work abroad e.g a non English footballer is playing in the Premier League
3. Allows spectators to travel abroad to spectate events e.g the Olympics
4. Allows teams to tour e.g football teams can tour in the USA or Australia
5. Allows regular international fixtures e.g the Champions League

Question 11

Evaluation of media

Answer 11

POSITIVES
+ Increased participation in sport
+ Increased spectatorship
+ Increased viewership means more revenue from advertisements
+ Promotes women and disability sports
+ Generates new role models e.g Lebron James in basketball
NEGATIVES
- Participation does not increase for all sports
- Advertisements can disrupt viewers
- Sports coverage is still predominantly male
- Media can intrude into a professional athlete’s personal life, leading to loss of privacy
-Can expose negative behaviors in sport
-Traditional versions of the sport can die out
-Encourages armchair spectating- results in less active spectators attending games

Question 12

Golden triangle and example

Answer 12

-Golden triangle refers to the interdependency between sport, media, and sponsorships
For example with Man City
-Manchester city receives revenue from Sky and BT
-Man City pays Sky and BT to broadcast games
-Man City is sponsored by Etihad - who payed $500 million to be in the shirt and the stadium
-Man city allows cheap advertising of the brand through equipment and kit
-Sky and BT allows cheap advertising of the Etihad brand
-Etihad pays Sky and BT to be broadcasted and exposed on TV