Post Industrial Britain Flashcards
(15 cards)
Social class
-Development of the middle class; these were often factory owners and managers
-They sought rational recreation between sport and leisure time
Post industrial Britain
-The Industrial Revolution saw the development of railways, which were very popular as well as urbanisation, which changed sport to be more codified and professional
-Additionally factories were seen as good investments for the upper class and towns and even cities developed
Gender
-Sports were still male dominated
-Women were expected to fill housewife duties
-Many schools declined women, meaning that they were often uneducated
Education and Literacy
-The upper classes controlled had most of the access to education and wanted to keep the lower classes uneducated so that they did not play their sport
-Forster Act (1870) saw the development of the modern education system in the UK
-Elementary schools in the UK were made free through the Education Act in 1891
-Over time, lower classes were able to understand and participate in upper class sports
Transport
-The development of railways, canals, bikes, and motor cars, meant that travel was much easier
-This allowed for increased away fixtures for sporting events
Law and Order
-Society became much more lawful, with the middle classes and upper classes becoming law makers and the development of the modern police force in 1829 (Robert Peel) to enforce laws
-Mob football declines massively, but fox hunting was still allowed as an upper class sport
Time availability
-Saturday was made a half day, so that lower classes had more time for leisure and sport activities
-However, the lower class still had very limited free time as they worked long hours, compared to the upper class who had lots of free time due to their wealth
Money
-Lower classes had slightly more money but still did not have significant pay, whereas upper classes had lots of wealth
-As a result, the lower class became professionals in sport to earn money, whereas the upper classes became amateurs as they wanted to play sport for enjoyment rather than money
Public schools
-Public schools were attended by the middle and upper classes only
-They were mostly boarding schools e.g Rugby and Eton
-They were very expensive and bullying was extremely common
Thomas Arnold and muscular christianity
-Thomas Arnold was the headmaster of the Rugby public school
-He aimed to transform students into moral gentlemen as well as promote sport to encourage healthy competition
-He also developed the house system and interschool competitions
-Thomas Arnold also wanted to spread muscular Christianity (healthy body and mind to serve God) through his students
Characteristics Arnold wanted his boys to have
-Leadership e.g team captain
-Teamwork e.g playing together cohesively as a team
-Sportsmanship e.g helping a fallen opponent up
-Respect e.g accepting refereeing decisions even if incorrect
-Physical endeavor e.g putting in maximum effort until the end of the game
-Loyalty e.g playing for your house
Cult of athleticism
-Cult of athleticism refers to the widespread enthusiasm for sport that comes with the associated belief that participation in these activities develops positive character traits
-How does the Cult of athleticism affect sport
-Encouraged moral integrity and physical endeavour
-Helped to structure sport
-Helped with the development of NGBs
-Ex schoolboys spread team sports around the globe
-Development of specialist facilities
-Oxbridge became a melting pot
How did the school boys spread sport
-Through the army- old schooly boys became officers and spread sport overseas
-Through politics- old school boys became politicians and spread sport through empires and governments
-Through the church - old school boys became clergies or priests and spread sport through the church
-Through industries- old school boys became industrialists and created their own sports teams
Factors which led to the decline of mob football
-Urbanisation- more people moved from rural areas to urban areas because of increased opportunities
-Space- not enough space in towns to play mob football
-Time- Factory hours were long and did not give workers much time to play mob football, which required a large amount of time
-Energy- Work in the factories was often physically exhausting and tedious, therefore workers may not have had the energy required to physically take part in mob football
-Literacy and Education- As education developed fro the lower classes, they were more able to understand the rules for complex sports and play them instead
-Work demands- Factory owners and managers discouraged mob football as it led to a larger volume of injured workers (more injured workers poor performance)
-Law and Order- Society became more lawful therefore there was a reduction in violent crimes
-
