22. Divisions within the PN and the emergence of Whigs and Tories and their impact

Question 1

Reactions to glorious revolution

Answer 1

-Whigs fully supported the revolution
-Tories sought to maintain a narrow church and did not fully accept the revolution

Question 2

Early Government under William

Answer 2

-Whigs organised under Junto lords including Whigs in 93-94
-Provided administrative support for William and mary in the 90’s
-Held almost daily parliamentary sessions and dominated parliament
-Tories more loosely structured, but became more organised in the late 90’s

Question 3

Growing divisions between tories and Whigs after the Glorious revolution

Answer 3

-Clubs established in the 90’s
-Regular parliamentary sessions encouraged allying with those of similar views
-Frequent elections meant parties more important
-An increase in voting rights meant the electorate had to be appealed to.

Question 4

Whigs wants after revolution

Answer 4

-Contract between crown and subject, crown could be removed if this was broken and parliament should enforce this
-Continuation of war with France
-Extention of Toleration act 1689

Question 5

Tory Wants after revolution

Answer 5

-Divine right
-Limited naval war against France
-Defend Church and keep it strict

Question 6

How did William secure the succession

Answer 6

-Whigs accepted the protestant succession, Tories argued that the throne was only defacto Williams
-In Feb 96, after the Jacobite plot, an oath of association demanded all office holder to declare William as rightful monarch. 20 lords and 90 mps refused
-1701 act of settlement secured William
-1702 abjuration act demanded all office holders denounce James’ claim to the throne

Question 7

Aims for the Church after glorious revolution

Answer 7

-Whigs wanted broadening, Tories wanted strict church

Question 8

9 years war

Answer 8

-With France, saw a debt of £36 million
-Bank of England granted loans at 8% interest to the monarch to aid, backed by parliamentary taxes

Question 9

Junto Whigs

Answer 9

-After battle of Boyne, tories removed from government
-between 90-94, the tensions died down and both parties began to work together to control the crown
-After 94, tories entered country position in opposition to the government while Whigs became a central part of it

Question 10

Rise of the tories

Answer 10

-Reacted negatively to treaty of Rhyswick, tories began to oppose the high taxes of the government and led to tories working with Whigs to exploit the Junto-Whigs confidence and gained seats in 98
-Tories had numerous reforms
-Cut in land tax
-Reduction of the army in 97
-Williams royal guards sent to the netherlands in 99
-Impeachment of Junto Whigs in 1701
-1701 act of settlement

Question 11

Treaty of Rhyswick

Answer 11

1697 - Peace between William and Louis

Question 12

State of the political nation by William and Mary

Answer 12

-Rise of monied men who gained wealth from investing and could lend out money, typically Whigs
-These gained political influence from their wealth and government officials sought their advice on domestic and foreign policy
-Gained this wealth thanks to the financial settlement
-This monied men divided tories and whigs, tories saw it as undermining traditional ruling class
-Harris argues that religious issues dominated the political nation still