Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MED 103- BIOLOGY I > 22. MEMBRANE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION > Flashcards

22. MEMBRANE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is the Plasma Membrane?
A
  • it is the boundary that separates the living cell from its non-living surroundings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  1. What are the three properties of plasma membranes?
A
  1. Fluidity
  2. Mosaicism
  3. Selective Permeability
  • these properties are all lost when the cell dies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  1. What does selective permeability mean?
A
  • the plasma membrane allows some substances to cross it more easily than others
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  1. What are cell membranes?
A
  • they are fluid mosaics
  • these fluid mosaics consist of:
    - lipids
    - proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  1. What is the definition of a fluid mosaic model as stated by Singer and Nicolson in 1972?
A
  • a membrane is a fluid structure with a mosaic of various proteins embedded in it
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  1. What is Mosaicism?
A
  • it is the presence of many different molecules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  1. What is Fluidity?
A
  • it is the constant movement of the plasma membrane components
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  1. What two components make up the plasma membrane?
A
  • the phospholipid bilayer
  • the proteins embedded in the phospholipid bilayer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  1. What are Phospholipids?
A
  • they are Amphipathic
  • this means that they consist of hydrophilic heads
  • and hydrophobic tails
    (fatty acid tails)
  • they spontaneously create bilayers in an aqueous environment
  • they consist of proteins
  • these are the pumps, pores, receptors and enzymes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  1. What do Phospholipids form in aqueous environments?
A
  • micelles
  • liposomes
  • they are used for the delivery of certain drugs and compounds to the cells
  • the interior and the exterior of liposomes and micelles are water based
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  1. What are Micelles?
A
  • they are a single layer spherical structure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  1. What are Liposomes?
A
  • they are bilayer spherical structures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  1. What are three types of membrane lipids?
A
  1. Phospholipids
    (the major lipid type)
  2. Glycolipids
  3. Sterols
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  1. What are the two types of phospholipids of the Plasma Membrane?
A
  1. Phosphoglycerides
  2. Phosphosphingolipids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  1. What is the structure of Phosphoglycerides?
A
  • a glycerol
    (alcohol)
  • 2 fatty acids
  • phosphate
  • organic molecule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  1. What is the structure of Phosphosphingolipids?
A
  • sphingosine
    (amino alcohol)
    (it has a fatty acid as part of its molecule)
  • 1 fatty acid
    (long carbon atom chain)
  • phosphate
  • organic molecule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  1. What is the basis of Phosphoglycerides?
A
  • glycerol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  1. What are the 4 types of Phosphoglycerides?
A
  1. Phosphatidyl - Choline
  2. Phosphatidyl - Ethanolamine
  3. Phosphatidyl - Serine
  4. Phosphotidyl - Inositol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  1. What is the basis of Phosphosphingolipids?
A
  • their basis is sphingosine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  1. What is the one type of Phosphosphingolipids?
A
  • Sphingomyelin
  • this is found in animal cell membranes only
21
Q
  1. What is the structure of Glycolipids?
A
  • sugar/sugars
  • lipids
    (glycosylated lipids)
22
Q
  1. What is the structure of Glycosphingolipids?
A
  • sphingosine
  • 1 fatty acid
  • sugar residue/sugar residues
  • there is less glycan than there is sphingosine lipids
23
Q
  1. What are the two types of Glycosphingolipids?
A
  1. Cerebrosides
    (a monosaccharide)
  2. Gangliosides
    (ogliosaccharide residue)
    (this is bound to a sphingosine and a fatty acid)
24
Q
  1. What is Cholesterol an example of?
A
  • a steroid alcohol
    (steroids)
25
Q
  1. Where is Cholesterol found?
A
  • it is found on the animal cell membrane
26
Q
  1. What is Phytocerol an example of?
A
  • a steroid alcohol
27
Q
  1. Where are Phytoserols found?
A
  • in the plant cell membranes
28
Q
  1. What are three examples of Phytosterols?
A
  • campesterol
  • sitosterol
  • stigmasterol
29
Q
  1. What is Ergosterol?
A
  • it is a form of sterols
30
Q
  1. Where is Ergosterol found?
A
  • it is found in the fungal and protozoal cell membranes
31
Q
  1. Does this table make sense?
A
  • yes
32
Q
  1. Describe the following categories for Phosphatidyl-Choline:

32.1: Alcohol type

32.2: Number of Fatty Acids

32.3: Is there a phosphate present?

32.4: what is the organic molecule?

32.5: what is the sugar molecule?

A

32.1: Glycerol

32.2: 2

32.3: Yes

32.4: Choline

32.5: N/A

33
Q
  1. Describe the following categories for Phosphatidyl-Serine:

33.1: Alcohol type

33.2: Number of Fatty Acids

33.3: Is there a phosphate present?

33.4: what is the organic molecule?

33.5: what is the sugar molecule?

A

33.1: Glycerol

33.2: 2

33.3: Yes

33.4: Serine

33.5: N/A

34
Q
  1. Describe the following categories for Phosphatidyl-Ethanolamine:

34.1: Alcohol type

34.2: Number of Fatty Acids

34.3: Is there a phosphate present?

34.4: what is the organic molecule?

34.5: what is the sugar molecule?

A

34.1: Glycerol

34.2: 2

34.3: Yes

34.4: Ethanol-Amine

34.5: N/A

35
Q
  1. Describe the following categories for Phosphatidyl-Inositol:

35.1: Alcohol type

35.2: Number of Fatty Acids

35.3: Is there a phosphate present?

35.4: what is the organic molecule?

35.5: what is the sugar molecule?

A

35.1: Glycerol

35.2: 2

35.3: Yes

35.4: Inositol

35.5: N/A

36
Q
  1. Describe the following categories for Sphingomyelin:

36.1: Alcohol type

36.2: Number of Fatty Acids

36.3: Is there a phosphate present?

36.4: what is the organic molecule?

36.5: what is the sugar molecule?

A

36.1: Sphingosine

36.2: 1

36.3: Yes

36.4: Choline

36.5: N/A

37
Q
  1. Describe the following categories for Cerebrosides:

37.1: Alcohol type

37.2: Number of Fatty Acids

37.3: Is there a phosphate present?

37.4: what is the organic molecule?

37.5: what is the sugar molecule?

A

37.1: Sphingosine

37.2: 1

37.3: No

37.4: N/A

37.5: Mono-Saccharide

38
Q
  1. Describe the following categories for Gangliosides:

38.1: Alcohol type

38.2: Number of Fatty Acids

38.3: Is there a phosphate present?

38.4: what is the organic molecule?

38.5: what is the sugar molecule?

A

38.1: Sphingosine

38.2: 1

38.3: No

38.4: N/A

38.5: Oglio-Saccharide

39
Q
  1. How do Phospholipids move within the plasma membrane?
A
  • they either move laterally on the membrane level
  • or they move vertically
    (flip-flop)
40
Q
  1. What affects the fluidity of the plasma membrane?
A
  • the type of hydrocarbon tails in the phospholipids
41
Q
  1. What type of hydrocarbon tails make the plasma membrane fluid?
A
  • bending hydrocarbons
  • they have tails with kinks
  • they are unsaturated
41
Q
  1. What type of hydrocarbon tails make the plasma membrane fluid?
A
  • bending hydrocarbons
  • they have tails with kinks
  • they are unsaturated
42
Q
  1. What type of hydrocarbon tails make the plasma membrane viscous?
A
  • saturated hydrocarbons
  • they are straight and interconnected
  • they do not have any bends or kinks in their tails
43
Q
  1. What has different effects on the membrane fluidity at different temperatures?
A
  • the steroid cholesterol
44
Q
  1. What does the cholesterol do to the movement of the phospholipids at warm temperatures (37°C)?
A
  • it restrains the movement of the phospholipids
  • this reduces the fluidity
45
Q
  1. What does the cholesterol do to the movement of the phospholipids at cool temperatures?
A
  • it maintains the fluidity
  • it prevents tight packing of the phospholipids
46
Q
  1. What determines the membranes function?
A
  • its proteins
47
Q
  1. What are the two membrane protein categories?
A
  1. Integral
  2. Peripheral
48
Q
  1. What are the two types of integral proteins?
A
  1. Transmembrane Proteins
  2. Lipid- Bound Proteins

MED 103- BIOLOGY I (53 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions