Amyl Nitrate

Question 1

Amyl Classification

Answer 1

Antidote/Nitrate Vasodilator

Question 2

Amyl Mechanism

Answer 2

Short acting vasodilator and SMC relaxant that oxidizes hemoglobin to become methemoglobin, which forms a non-toxic complex with the cyanide ion to form cyanomethemoglobin, which can be enzymatically degraded.

Question 3

Amyl Pharmacokinetics

Answer 3

Onset: 10-30s
Peak Effects: 30s
Duration: 3-5m
Half Life: N/A

Question 4

Amyl Indications/Field Use

Answer 4

Cyanide poisoning

Question 5

Amyl Contraindications

Answer 5

None

Question 6

Amyl Side Effects/Adverse Reactions

Answer 6

HA, dizziness, weakness, flushing, cold sweats, tachycardia, syncope, orthostatic hypotension, N/V

Question 7

Amyl Dose

Answer 7

Adult & Pedi:0.3mL ampule crushed, inhaled over 15-30 seconds, q1m until sodium nitrate infusion is available

Question 8

Amyl Precautions

Answer 8

• May be a medication of abuse, should be stored in secure place with narcotics
• Smells like dirty, sweaty socks
• Ensure patient is sitting prior to administration, hypotension and syncope may be sudden

Question 9

Amyl Drug Interactions

Answer 9

Hypotension potentiated by antihypertensives, Beta-Blockers, and certain antiemetics (phenothiazines).