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Step 2 > Branchial and aortic arch derivatives > Flashcards

Branchial and aortic arch derivatives Flashcards

1
Q

What embryonic germ layer gives rise to the branchial clefts?

A

Cleft = eCtoderm

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2
Q

What embryonic germ layer gives rise to the branchial arches?

A

Arch = Mesoderm (in the middle)

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3
Q

What embryonic germ layer gives rise to the branchial pouches?

A

Pouch = Endoderm

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4
Q

What does the 1st branchial cleft become?

A

External auditory meatus

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5
Q

What do branchial clefts 2-4 become?

A

Form temporary sinuses in the developing fetus which are then obliterated.
If they persist they for branchial cleft cysts located in the lateral neck that don’t move with swallowing

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6
Q

What does the 1st branchial pouch form?

A
  1. Middle ear cavity
  2. Eustachian tube
  3. Mastoid air cells
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7
Q

What does the 2nd branchial pouch form?

A

Epithelial lining of the tonsils

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8
Q

What does the 3rd branchial pouch form?

A

Inferior parathyroid glands and thymus

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9
Q

What does the 4th branchial pouch form?

A

Superior parathyroid glands

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10
Q

What 3 types of structures develop from each branchial arch?

A
  1. Cartilage
  2. Muscle
  3. Nerve
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11
Q

What cartilaginous structures develop from the 1st branchial arch?

A
  1. Meckles cartilage
  2. Mandible
  3. Mandibular ligaments
  4. Malleus
  5. Incus
  6. Vomer
  7. Palatine
  8. Zygoma
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12
Q

What muscular structures develop from the 1st branchial arch?

A
  1. Muscles of Mastication (Masseter, medial pterygoid, later pterygoid, and temporalis)
  2. Mylohyoid
  3. Tensor tympani
  4. Tensor veli palatini
  5. Anterior 2/3 of Tongue
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13
Q

What nervous structures develop from the 1st branchial arch?

A

Mandibular and Maxillary branches of CN V

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14
Q

What cartilaginous structures develop from the 2nd branchial arch?

A
  1. Stapes
  2. Styloid Process
  3. Stylohyoid ligament
  4. LeSSer horn of the hyoid
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15
Q

What muscular structures develop from the 2nd branchial arch?

A
  1. Muscles of facial expreSSion
  2. Stapedius
  3. Stylohyoid
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16
Q

What nervous structures develop from the 2nd branchial arch?

A

CN Seven (Facial nerve)

17
Q

What cartilaginous structures develop from the 3rd branchial arch?

A

Pharyngeocutanous fistula

18
Q

What muscular structures develop from the 3rd branchial arch?

A

Stylopharyngeous

19
Q

What nervous structures develop from the 3rd branchial arch?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

20
Q

What cartilaginous structures develop from the 4th and 6th branchial arch?

A

Thyroid and crycoid cartilage

21
Q

What muscular structures develop from the 4th and 6th branchial arch?

A

Muscles of Larynx (except cricothyroid)

22
Q

What nervous structures develop from the 4th and 6th branchial arch?

A

Laryngeal branches of vagus

  • Superior branch = Swallowing
  • Recurrent branch = Speaking
23
Q

What does the 1st aortic arch become?

A

Maxillary branch of the external carotid artery

24
Q

What does the 2nd aortic arch become?

A

Stapedial artery and hyoid artery

25
Q

What does the 3rd aortic arch become?

A

Common carotid artery and proximal internal carotid artery

26
Q

What does the left 4th aortic arch become?

A

Arch of adult aorta

27
Q

What does the right 4th aortic arch become?

A

Proximal right subclavian

28
Q

What does the 6th aortic arch become?

A

Pulmonary arteries and ductus arteriosus

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