[23] Bacterial Gastroenteritis Flashcards

1
Q

What is bacterial gastroenteritis?

A

An inflammation of the stomach and intestines caused by bacterial infection in the gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When is bacterial gastroenteritis most common?

A

Under 2 years of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What kind of diarrhoea does bacterial gastroenteritis cause?

A

Secretory and inflammatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the sources of infection in bacterial gastroenteritis?

A
  • Contaminated water
  • Poor food hygiene, e.g. meat, fresh produce, previously cooked rice
  • Faecal-oral route
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the common causative organisms for bacterial gastroenteritis?

A
  • Salmonella spp.
  • Campylobacter jejuni
  • Shigella spp.
  • Yersina enterocolitica
  • E. Coli
  • C. Difficile
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Vibrio cholerae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does bacterial gastroenteritis present?

A

Same as viral, plus;

  • Malaise
  • Dysentery
  • Abdominal pain
  • Tenesmus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is dysentery?

A

Bloody and mucous diarrhoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What might the abdominal pain in bacterial gastroenteritis mimic?

A
  • Appendicitis

- IBD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What investigations are done into bacterial gastroenteritis?

A
  • Stool +/- blood culture
  • Stool C. Difficile toxin
  • Sigmoidoscopy if IBD or colitis suspected
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the differentials for bacterial gastroenteritis?

A

Same as viral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the management for bacterial gastroenteritis?

A

Rehydration as for viral gastroenteritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Are antibiotics indicated for bacterial gastroenteritis?

A

Not usually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why are antibiotics not usually indicated for bacterial gastroenteritis?

A

Because the duration of symptoms is not altered, and it may increase the risk of chronic carrier statusq

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the indications for antibiotics in bacterial gastroenteritis?

A
  • High risk of disseminated disease
  • Presence of artificial implants, e.g. V-P shunt
  • Severe colitis
  • Severe systemic illness
  • Age <6 months
  • Enteric fever
  • Cholera
  • E. Coli 0157
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What antibiotics are given if required in bacterial gastroenteritis?

A

Most organisms are sensitive to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, or third generation cephalosporins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What antibiotic should be considered if campylobacter is the causative organism?

A

Erythromycin

17
Q

What antibiotic should be given if C. Diff is the causative organism?

A

Oral vancomycin or metronidazole

18
Q

What are the potential complications of bacterial gastroenteritis?

A
  • Bacteraemia
  • Secondary infections
  • Reiter’s syndrome
  • Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome
  • Guillian-Barre syndrome
  • Reactive arthropathy
  • Haemorrhagic colitis
19
Q

What secondary infections can result from bacterial gastroenteritis?

A
  • Pneumonia
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Meningitis
20
Q

Which bacterial causes of gastroenteritis are associated with Reiter’s syndrome?

A
  • Shigella

- Campylobacter

21
Q

What bacterial causes of gastroenteritis are associated with haemolytic-uraemic syndrome?

A
  • E. coli 0157

- Shigella

22
Q

What bacterial causes of gastroenteritis are associated with Guillian-Barre syndrome?

A

Campylobacter

23
Q

What bacterial causes of gastroenteritis are associated with reactive arthropathy?

A

Yersina