2.3- major developments in technology Flashcards
(37 cards)
when did synthetic fibres develop and when did they begin to be used in the textiles industry?
developed during the 1930s and 1940s and came into general used in the 1950s and 1960s.
what is viscose rayon?
the first man-made fibre that was invented in the late victorian era and was called artificial silk.
when did viscose rayon start becoming popular?
in the 1980s when there was consumer backclash against the use of synthetic fibres. It is also a useful alternative to cotton and the rising cost of cotton in 2010 led to many manufacturers to use rayon fabrics for their newest deigns
what is high wet modulus rayon?
a type of rayon fibre that is specifically engineered to have better strength and durability when wet- it is a semi synthetic fibre made from regenerated cellulose and is a stronger and more durable version of rayon that performs better in real world use, especially in wet conditions.
what is nylon?
the first synthetic fibre developed as an alternative to silk. it was used for many products after silk became scarce during the second world war e.g nylon stockings, paracheutes and other military applications
what is polyester?
developed in the 1940s, it was known as Terylene in the UK
what is acrylic?
acrylic is a synthetic fibre first developed by du point in 1941 when it was known as Orlon and Acrilan- Dralon is a brand name still known today
what are elastane fibres?
Synthetic fibres that were developed in America in the 1959 and were called spandex, although they are also known as lycra. These fibres became popularised in the 1960s and revolutionised sportswear and underwear.
what are microfibres?
very fine synthetic fibres developed in Japan during the 1960s and ultrasuede was one of the first uses in the 1970s. They began to be used in a wide variety of applications in the 1990s, including sportswear and underwear.
when were aramid fibres introduced?
in the 1970s
what have modern fabric finishes allowed for?
garments and fabrics to be better suited for their intended use and easier to care for.
what do interactive textiles feature and what are they used for?
a microchip and a circuit, and may be used for garments that can generate power to:
1. help keep a wearer warm
2. operate lights for safety and novelty applications such as high-visiblity jackets
3. allow tracking devices. MP3’s and radios to be included in garments for example the O’Neil MP3 jacket
4. monitor bodily functions for health and fitness purposes e.g the VivoMetrics life shirt
what are impact resistant textiles such as D3O used for?
they are used to make impact resistant, shock resistant sportswear garments that can protect the body from injury e.g when motorcyclists are thrown off their bikes.
what is the ‘lifesuit’?
a robotic textile which was developed in 1986, and is a robotic skeleton worn under normal clothing, and is used to help seriously injured people walk again
what sparked the call for mass produced fashions?
the first world war, when there was an increased need in millions of military uniforms that were of a standard quality and were the same style. Factory production and labour saving machine use boosted, and by the end of the first world war, the easier fitting simpler garments made in the cheaper new rayon fabrics were suited to factory production
where did technical manufacturing equipment and expertise come from to Britain?
From America, especially with regard to sizing and grading of garments and patterns.
what did marks and spencer do in the 1930s?
Marks and Spencer were instrumental in improving efficiency and quality in clothing manufacture. They began to work directly with manufacturers rather than buying textile goods from wholesalers, and encouraged the manufacturers to invest in the best technology as well as more efficient methods of manufacture
what did Marks and Spencer do in 1931 and 1936?
they set up their own testing lab and began to write manufacturing specifications to improve the quality of products and in 1936 set up their own design department to keep them up to date with latest trends and styles.
whilst mass production was introduced during the world wars, when did manufacturing processes become more efficient and streamlined?
it was not until clothing rationing was introduced in 1941 that manufacturing methods became more efficient and streamlined. the shortages of materials meant manufacturers had to produce clothes more efficiently and economically, whilst also maintaining standards of quality.
when was cheap, overseas manufacture introduced?
during the 1980s
when were JIT and EPOS systems introduced and what did they allow for?
in the 1990s, which allowed for manufacture to be sped up and allow for rapid responses in market demands.
what has happened throughout the 20th and 21st centuries that has had a strong impact on fashion design?
cross cultural and historical influences, which has been aided through styles and cultures from around the world becoming more accessible. This has been aided by improved travel with relative ease and communication, which has allowed designers to experience first hand a wide variety of designs and materials.
when were easy care synthetic fibres and finishes developed and what did this allow for?
they were developed in the 1950s, which made the work for caring for textile products much quicker and easier- e.g polyamide and polyester are much easier to care for
After the second world war what did washing machines develop from?
washing machines developed from being machines that required separate rinsing operations (the clothes would have to be taken from the washing machine and rinsed by hand for example) to twin tub machines, with one machine to wash the clothes and a spin dryer next to it. These machines still needed the washing to be transferred manually from one side of the washing machine to another.
